Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Membranes are composed of..

A

bilayer phospholipids w/ proteins and fliud mosiac

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2
Q

Diffusion

A

tendency of particles to spreads out evenly in available space

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3
Q

Passive

A

movement of enzyme without using NRG

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4
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water across membrane

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5
Q

Tonicity

A

ability of a sol’n to cause a cell to gain or lose water

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6
Q

Isotonic

A

concentration of solute is same on both sides of membrane

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7
Q

Hypotonic

A

solute concentration is lower outside cell, water moves into cell and will expand, may burst

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8
Q

Hypertonic

A

solute concentration is higher outside of the cell, water move out of cell and cell will shrink

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9
Q

Osmoregulation

A

control of water balance

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10
Q

Active transport

A

cell must expend NRG to move a solute against its concentration

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11
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

move across membranes with help of specific transport proteins. doesn’t require NRG

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12
Q

Exocystosis

A

export bulky molecules

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13
Q

Endocystosis

A

import substances useful to livelihood of the cell

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14
Q

Energy

A

capacity to cause change or to perform

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15
Q

Kinetic NRG

A

NRG of motion

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16
Q

Potential NRG

A

NRG that matter possesses as a result of it’s location/structure

17
Q

Thermodynamic

A

study of NRG conversions that occur in a collection of matter

18
Q

2 laws that govern NRG conversions

A

1: NRG is constant (never created or destroyed
2: NRH conversions increase disorder of universe

19
Q

Metabolism

A

organisms total chemical reaction

20
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate. powers nearly all forms of cellular work

21
Q

3 main types of cellular work

A
  1. Chemical 2.Mechanica 3. Transport
22
Q

Enzymes

A

speed up the cells them reaction by lowering NRG barriers

23
Q

Activation NRG

A

NRG barrier must be overcome before chemical reaction can begin

24
Q

Substrate

A

specific reactant that an enzyme acts on

25
Active site
substrate fits into a region of the enzyme
26
Cofactors are..
inorganic
27
Coenzymes are...
organic
28
Cells must control enzyme activity by..
- switch off genes encoding specific enzymes | - regulate activity go enzymes once made
29
Inhibitor
chemical that interferes with and enzyme activity
30
Competitive inhibitors
block substrates from entering the active site and educes an enzymes productivity
31
Noncompetitive inhibitors
bind to enzyme somewhere other than the active site, prevent the substrate from binding
32
feedback inhabitation
product may act an inhibitor of one of the enzymes in the pathway that produced it