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Biol 1000 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Darwin’s sea voyage lead to

A

Darwin’s theory of evolution in 1840

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2
Q

Wallace discovered

A

similar hypothesis to Darwin in 1858

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3
Q

Early greek philosophers suggested that

A

life might change gradually over time

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4
Q

Lamarck in 1800 used fossils to..

A

suggest organisms evolved

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5
Q

Darwin’s hypothesis

A

present-day species arose from a succession of ancestors by accumulating diverse modification that fit to their specific environment

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6
Q

Decent with modification

A

evolutionary adaptation by natural selection

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7
Q

Darwin’s book

A

on the origin of species by means of natural selection

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8
Q

Darwin realized that earths surface..

A

has gradually changed (earthquakes and mountain formations

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9
Q

Environment is the ..

A

selective force in the process of evolution by natural selection

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10
Q

Artificial selection

A

humans select individuals with desired traits over generations or selective breeding that modifies species

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11
Q

Natural selection

A

mechanism to explain how evolution happens in nature, in a particular environment favourable traits are selected for while unfavourable traits are selected against

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12
Q

Darwin recognized the connection between

A

natural selection and capacity of organisms to over reproduce

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13
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

argued that human suffering was the consequence of human populations increasing faster than essential resources

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14
Q

2 things darwin observed that organisms

A
  • vary in many traits

- produce more offspring than the environment can support

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15
Q

Camouflage adaptations in insects that evolved in diff environments are examples of..

A

results of natural selection

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16
Q

Evolution of pesticide resistance is an example of

A

natural selection in action

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17
Q

Evolution

A

change in the gene pol of a population over time

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18
Q

Darwin’s ideas of evolution also relied on

A

the fossil record

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19
Q

The oldest known fossils extending back to __ _____ years ago are prokaryotes

A

3.9 billion

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20
Q

The oldest eukaryotic fossil are about _ ____ old

A

2.1 billion

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21
Q

We found multicellular eukaryotic life __ _____ years ago

A

1.5 billion

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22
Q

Series of fossils show transition of ..

A

existing groups to new species

23
Q

Gradual modification example

A

legs to fins in whales

24
Q

Biogeography

A

geographical distribution of species

25
Q

Organisms more closely resemble..

A

other organisms that are geographical close than distant organisms

26
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

comparison of body structures in different species

27
Q

Comparative anatomy illustrates that

A

evolution is a remodelling process

28
Q

Homology

A

similarity in characteristics that results from common ancestry

29
Q

Homologous structures

A

maybe have diff function but are still structurally similar because of common ancestry

30
Q

Analogous structures

A

have similar functions but differ in basic structure; arose independently

31
Q

Comparative embryology

A

comparing development in early stages of life

32
Q

Homologous vestigial stuctures

A

remnants of features that served important functions in organism’s ancestors

33
Q

Molecular biology

A

all life uses same genetic language of DNA and RNA

34
Q

Genetic code is ______

A

universal

35
Q

Molecular biology provides strong evidence that

A

allele forms are related

36
Q

Evolutionary trees

A

represent patterns of descent

37
Q

Homologous structures are used to determine _____ ____ in evolutionary trees

A

branching sequences

38
Q

Evolutionary trees are hypotheses for..

A

evolutionary descent

39
Q

Universe “blew apart from one mass __ to __ ____ years ago, eventually forming planets

A

12; 14

40
Q

Earth formed from swirling cloud of dust about __ _____ years ago

A

4.6 billion

41
Q

What cooled to form oceans

A

water vapour

42
Q

Photosynthetic cell found in..

A

stromatolite

43
Q

Photosynthesis is a ___ ____ likely evolved __ ___

A

complex process; over time

44
Q

Stromatolite fossils indicate

A

first life

45
Q

Extra terrestrial experiment that show abiotic synthesis of organic molecules is possible

A

meteorites as sources of amino acids and other key organic molecules

46
Q

Some RNA molecules called ribozymes can carry out..

A

enzyme like functions

47
Q

Prokaryotes lived alone on Earth for __ ____ from ___ to __ _____ years ago

A

1.5; 3.5 - 2

48
Q

Prokaryotic photosynthesis produced

A

oxygen that enriched the water and atmosphere of Earth

49
Q

What allowed prokaryotes to flourish

A

anaerobic and aerobic cellular respiration

50
Q

The oldest fossils of multicellular eukaryotes are about __ _____ years old

A

1.2 billion

51
Q

First multicellular plants and fungi began to colonize land about __ _____ yrs ago

A

500 million

52
Q

Humans diverted from other primates about _ to _ ___ years ago

A

6-7 million

53
Q

Our species homo sapiens originated about _______ years ago

A

195 000

54
Q

If earths history were compressed into an hour humans appeared less than __ ____ ago

A

0.2 seconds

Biol 1000 (15 decks)

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