Chapter 13

Question 1

Darwin’s sea voyage lead to

Answer 1

Darwin’s theory of evolution in 1840

Question 2

Wallace discovered

Answer 2

similar hypothesis to Darwin in 1858

Question 3

Early greek philosophers suggested that

Answer 3

life might change gradually over time

Question 4

Lamarck in 1800 used fossils to..

Answer 4

suggest organisms evolved

Question 5

Darwin’s hypothesis

Answer 5

present-day species arose from a succession of ancestors by accumulating diverse modification that fit to their specific environment

Question 6

Decent with modification

Answer 6

evolutionary adaptation by natural selection

Question 7

Darwin’s book

Answer 7

on the origin of species by means of natural selection

Question 8

Darwin realized that earths surface..

Answer 8

has gradually changed (earthquakes and mountain formations

Question 9

Environment is the ..

Answer 9

selective force in the process of evolution by natural selection

Question 10

Artificial selection

Answer 10

humans select individuals with desired traits over generations or selective breeding that modifies species

Question 11

Natural selection

Answer 11

mechanism to explain how evolution happens in nature, in a particular environment favourable traits are selected for while unfavourable traits are selected against

Question 12

Darwin recognized the connection between

Answer 12

natural selection and capacity of organisms to over reproduce

Question 13

Thomas Malthus

Answer 13

argued that human suffering was the consequence of human populations increasing faster than essential resources

Question 14

2 things darwin observed that organisms

Answer 14

• vary in many traits

- produce more offspring than the environment can support

Question 15

Camouflage adaptations in insects that evolved in diff environments are examples of..

Answer 15

results of natural selection

Question 16

Evolution of pesticide resistance is an example of

Answer 16

natural selection in action

Question 17

Evolution

Answer 17

change in the gene pol of a population over time

Question 18

Darwin’s ideas of evolution also relied on

Answer 18

the fossil record

Question 19

The oldest known fossils extending back to __ _____ years ago are prokaryotes

Answer 19

3.9 billion

Question 20

The oldest eukaryotic fossil are about _ ____ old

Answer 20

2.1 billion

Question 21

We found multicellular eukaryotic life __ _____ years ago

Answer 21

1.5 billion

Question 22

Series of fossils show transition of ..

Answer 22

existing groups to new species

Question 23

Gradual modification example

Answer 23

legs to fins in whales

Question 24

Biogeography

Answer 24

geographical distribution of species

Question 25

Organisms more closely resemble..

Answer 25

other organisms that are geographical close than distant organisms

Question 26

Comparative anatomy

Answer 26

comparison of body structures in different species

Question 27

Comparative anatomy illustrates that

Answer 27

evolution is a remodelling process

Question 28

Homology

Answer 28

similarity in characteristics that results from common ancestry

Question 29

Homologous structures

Answer 29

maybe have diff function but are still structurally similar because of common ancestry

Question 30

Analogous structures

Answer 30

have similar functions but differ in basic structure; arose independently

Question 31

Comparative embryology

Answer 31

comparing development in early stages of life

Question 32

Homologous vestigial stuctures

Answer 32

remnants of features that served important functions in organism's ancestors

Question 33

Molecular biology

Answer 33

all life uses same genetic language of DNA and RNA

Question 34

Genetic code is ______

Answer 34

universal

Question 35

Molecular biology provides strong evidence that

Answer 35

allele forms are related

Question 36

Evolutionary trees

Answer 36

represent patterns of descent

Question 37

Homologous structures are used to determine _____ ____ in evolutionary trees

Answer 37

branching sequences

Question 38

Evolutionary trees are hypotheses for..

Answer 38

evolutionary descent

Question 39

Universe "blew apart from one mass __ to __ ____ years ago, eventually forming planets

Answer 39

12; 14

Question 40

Earth formed from swirling cloud of dust about __ _____ years ago

Answer 40

4.6 billion

Question 41

What cooled to form oceans

Answer 41

water vapour

Question 42

Photosynthetic cell found in..

Answer 42

stromatolite

Question 43

Photosynthesis is a ___ ____ likely evolved __ ___

Answer 43

complex process; over time

Question 44

Stromatolite fossils indicate

Answer 44

first life

Question 45

Extra terrestrial experiment that show abiotic synthesis of organic molecules is possible

Answer 45

meteorites as sources of amino acids and other key organic molecules

Question 46

Some RNA molecules called ribozymes can carry out..

Answer 46

enzyme like functions

Question 47

Prokaryotes lived alone on Earth for __ ____ from ___ to __ _____ years ago

Answer 47

1.5; 3.5 - 2

Question 48

Prokaryotic photosynthesis produced

Answer 48

oxygen that enriched the water and atmosphere of Earth

Question 49

What allowed prokaryotes to flourish

Answer 49

anaerobic and aerobic cellular respiration

Question 50

The oldest fossils of multicellular eukaryotes are about __ _____ years old

Answer 50

1.2 billion

Question 51

First multicellular plants and fungi began to colonize land about __ _____ yrs ago

Answer 51

500 million

Question 52

Humans diverted from other primates about _ to _ ___ years ago

Answer 52

6-7 million

Question 53

Our species homo sapiens originated about _______ years ago

Answer 53

195 000

Question 54

If earths history were compressed into an hour humans appeared less than __ ____ ago

Answer 54

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