chapter 7 Flashcards
A New Nation
what were the powers of the government of the AOC
- wage war
- make treaties
- send diplomatic representatives
- borrow money
what was the convention in Philadelphia named?
1786 Annapolis Convention
public policy for western lands, provided for setting aside one section of land in each township for public education
Land Ordinance of 1785
did not attend the PC possibly due to illness or his responsibilities as governor of Massachusetts
John Hancock
declined to go to the PC, did not want the central government to have too much power
Samuel Adams
what were their decision on who has the supremacy - states or national government (2)
gives congress power to carry out the expressed powers listed in the Constitution (necessary and proper clause [elastic clause])
what were the 1780s known as?
the Critical Period
what was the anti-federalist’s argument?
a strong central government would destroy the work of the Revolution, limit democracy and limit state rights
against bill of rights, better to assume all rights protected than to create a limited list
Federalists
considered “The Father of the Constitution”
James Madison
government can only do what people give it permission to do
limited government
what was the anti-federalists’ advantages?
appealed to popular distrust of government
powers of each branch are checked and balanced by the other branches
Checks and Balances
what is the first amendment?
freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, assembly
how many states had to approve the laws?
9/13
what did Hamilton, Jay, and Madison write to convince people about the Constitution?
The Federalist Papers
what date was 12 amendments approved by Congress and sent to the states for ratification?
September 1789
what were the options on if states should have equal representation or should it be based on population?
- Virginia Plan (Madison)
- New Jersey Plan (Patterson)
- “Great Compromise”/Connecticut Compromise (Sherman)
experienced treaty maker
John Jay
a loose confederation of the states with a weak central government
articles of confederation
serving as the U.S. ambassador in Great Britain during the P. Convention
John Adams
convention from May to September of 1787
Philadelphia Convention
who was the first president and what did he accomplish?
George Washington; only president to be elected unanimously twice)
the nationals first constitution
Articles of Confederation
when was the Articles of Confederation ratified?
1781
name who did not attend the P. Convention
- Jefferson
- Adams
- Henry
- Samuel Adams
- Paine
- Handcock
what were their decision on who would be in control of trade - states or national government?
congress can regulate interstate and foreign trade, could put tariffs on imports
when was 10/12 amendments ratified and added as the Bill of Rights to the Constitution?
December 1791
provided government for the large tracts of western land
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
the lower house
House of Representatives
what did the Constitution take inspiration from from England?
- Magna Carta
- John Locke’s “Natural Rights”
- English Bill of Rights
- England’s Parliament
who were the leaders of the federalists
- Washington
- Franklin
- Madison
- Hamilton
who were the first states to ratify the Constitution?
- Delaware
- New Jersey
- Pennsylvania
set rules for creating new states, granted limited self-government to that developing territory and prohibited slavery in some places
Northwest Ordinance of 1897
bicameral house of Lord and House of Commons
England’s Parliament
serving as the U.S. ambassador in France during the P. Convention
Thomas Jefferson
how many delegates attended the Philadelphia Convention
55
“a person held to service or labour” who fled to another state would be returned to their owner
Fugitive Slave Clause
what did the Constitution take inspiration from from the 13 colonies?
- Virginia House of Burgesses
- Charter Colonies could elect their own officials
- Mayflower Compact
- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
- Maryland Toleration Axt
- Peter Zenger Trial
in what year did Shay attempted to steal weapons from the Springfield armory, but the state militia broke it up?
1787
a count of the population
census
what was the anti-federalists’ strategy?
argued that the proposed Constitution contained no protection of individual rights, it gave the central government more power than British king ever had
when did the Constitution come into effect?
1789
what is the third amendment?
can’t be required to quarter soldiers in time of peace
living in Europe during the PC
Thomas Paine
elected representatives govern the people
republic
powers are divided between separate branches of government
separation of powers
a loose association, or league, of states
confederation
who created the Articles of Confederation
John Dickinson
called for 3 branches with a Bicameral legislature based on population
Virginia plan
what is the sixth amendment?
right to a speedy and public trial
what were their decision on who would be the leader of the new government (2)
elected by the electoral college (voters for President chosen by local elections), winner has most electoral votes, runner up becomes Vice President
what did the government of the AOC not have the power to do?
- collect taxes
- regulate commerce between the states
- enforce its own laws
taxes on imported goods
tariffs
power came from the people
popular sovereignty
name some of the people who attended the P. Convention
- Franklin
- Hamilton
- Jay
- Sherman
- Mason
two houses
bicameral
list the problems of the AOC
- weak central (national) government
- financial problems
- problems with foreign European nations
- Domestic Problems
what were the results of Shay’s Rebellion
they realized the national government was powerless and needed to meet and discuss about it
what is the fourth amendment?
protected against searches or seizures
what was the anti-federalists’ disadvantages
poorly organized, slow to respond to Federalist challenges
what was the Federalist’s argument?
a strong national government was needed to maintain order and preserve the union
what were their decision on if salves count for population based representation?
salves would count as 3/5 of a person for the House of Representatives and for tax purposes (3/5 Compromise)
what was the central government of the Articles of Confederation like?
unicameral legislature with one vote for each state
opposed a strong national government
anti-federalists
what date did the P. Convention approved a draft of the Constitution to submit to the states for ratification
September 17,1787
what was the federalists’ advantages?
strong leaders and it was well organized
what is the eighth amendment?
no cruel and unusual punishment
what is the ninth amendment?
reserves power to the people
what is the seventh amendment?
right to a by jury
authority of Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional (not apart of Constitution, but important in the Supreme Court of 1803 w/ Marbury v. Madison)
Judicial Review
provided for the surveying and sale of the territory
Northwest Ordinance of 1785
what were their decision on who would be the leader of the new government (1)
President with power of veto, elected to a four year term (no term limit)
convinced more people of the need to attend the Annapolis Convention
Shay’s Rebellion
what was the federalists’ disadvantages
constitution was new and untried, lacked a bill of rights
one house
unicameral
what is the fifth amendment?
right to due process, no double jeopardy, can’t testify against oneself
all states except what state sent delegates to the Philadelphia Convention?
Rhode Island
called for a unicameral legislature based on equal representation
New Jersey Plan
bicameral legislature w/ the Senate based on equal representation and the House of Representatives based on population
the Great Compromise/ Connecticut Compromise
what was the Federalists’ strategy
emphasized the weaknesses of the AOC, showed their opponents as negative with no solution
main author of Constitution and took diligent notes on every debate and discussion that occurred during the convention
James Madison
who led other farmers in an uprising against high state taxes, imprisonment for debt and lack of paper money?
Captain Daniel Shays
what were the last states to ratify the Constitution?
- New York
- Vermont
- North Carolina
- Rhode Island
where did the delegates agree to meet to discuss the AOC?
Philadelphia
refused to attend the PC saying he “smelt a rat in Philadelphia tending toward the monarchy.”
Patrick Henry
who were the leaders of the anti-federalists
- Mason
- Henry
- Winthrop
- Hancock
- Clinton
what is the tenth amendment?
reserves power to the states
presided over the convention
George Washington
what convinced other states to ratify the Constitution?
a promise of a bill of rights
the freedom to stockpile goods until ships came to transport them overseas
right of deposit
for the bill of rights, only a bill of rights could protect Americans from a strong central government becoming tyrannical
Anti-federalists
what were their decision on if slavery would be outlawed?
Congress would not tax state exports and the slave trade would end in 1803 (Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise)
what is the second amendment?
right to keep and bear arms
what introduces the Constitution?
Preamble
supported the Constitution and strong national government
federalists
the first ten amendments
Bill of Rights
what were their decision on who has the supreme power - states or national government (1)
U.S. Constitution is supreme law of the land (supremacy clause)
the right to vote
suffrage
ended the Revolutionary War
Treaty of Paris
what were their decision on if the short change the AOC or create a new document?
they decided to create a new document and worked in secret for 4 months at Independence Hall to create a new government
why was ratification of the Articles of Confederation delayed?
because of land disputes
on what date did 9/13 states ratify the Constitution?
June 1788
what is another word for approval
ratification
division of power between a central government and local government
federalism
