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8th grade history > chapter 7 > Flashcards

chapter 7 Flashcards

A New Nation

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1
Q

what were the powers of the government of the AOC

A
  • wage war
  • make treaties
  • send diplomatic representatives
  • borrow money
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2
Q

what was the convention in Philadelphia named?

A

1786 Annapolis Convention

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3
Q

public policy for western lands, provided for setting aside one section of land in each township for public education

A

Land Ordinance of 1785

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4
Q

did not attend the PC possibly due to illness or his responsibilities as governor of Massachusetts

A

John Hancock

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5
Q

declined to go to the PC, did not want the central government to have too much power

A

Samuel Adams

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6
Q

what were their decision on who has the supremacy - states or national government (2)

A

gives congress power to carry out the expressed powers listed in the Constitution (necessary and proper clause [elastic clause])

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7
Q

what were the 1780s known as?

A

the Critical Period

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8
Q

what was the anti-federalist’s argument?

A

a strong central government would destroy the work of the Revolution, limit democracy and limit state rights

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9
Q

against bill of rights, better to assume all rights protected than to create a limited list

A

Federalists

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10
Q

considered “The Father of the Constitution”

A

James Madison

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11
Q

government can only do what people give it permission to do

A

limited government

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12
Q

what was the anti-federalists’ advantages?

A

appealed to popular distrust of government

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13
Q

powers of each branch are checked and balanced by the other branches

A

Checks and Balances

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14
Q

what is the first amendment?

A

freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, assembly

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15
Q

how many states had to approve the laws?

A

9/13

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16
Q

what did Hamilton, Jay, and Madison write to convince people about the Constitution?

A

The Federalist Papers

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17
Q

what date was 12 amendments approved by Congress and sent to the states for ratification?

A

September 1789

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18
Q

what were the options on if states should have equal representation or should it be based on population?

A
  • Virginia Plan (Madison)
  • New Jersey Plan (Patterson)
  • “Great Compromise”/Connecticut Compromise (Sherman)
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19
Q

experienced treaty maker

A

John Jay

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20
Q

a loose confederation of the states with a weak central government

A

articles of confederation

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21
Q

serving as the U.S. ambassador in Great Britain during the P. Convention

A

John Adams

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22
Q

convention from May to September of 1787

A

Philadelphia Convention

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23
Q

who was the first president and what did he accomplish?

A

George Washington; only president to be elected unanimously twice)

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24
Q

the nationals first constitution

A

Articles of Confederation

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25
Q

when was the Articles of Confederation ratified?

A

1781

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26
Q

name who did not attend the P. Convention

A
  • Jefferson
  • Adams
  • Henry
  • Samuel Adams
  • Paine
  • Handcock
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27
Q

what were their decision on who would be in control of trade - states or national government?

A

congress can regulate interstate and foreign trade, could put tariffs on imports

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28
Q

when was 10/12 amendments ratified and added as the Bill of Rights to the Constitution?

A

December 1791

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29
Q

provided government for the large tracts of western land

A

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

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30
Q

the lower house

A

House of Representatives

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31
Q

what did the Constitution take inspiration from from England?

A
  • Magna Carta
  • John Locke’s “Natural Rights”
  • English Bill of Rights
  • England’s Parliament
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32
Q

who were the leaders of the federalists

A
  • Washington
  • Franklin
  • Madison
  • Hamilton
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33
Q

who were the first states to ratify the Constitution?

A
  • Delaware
  • New Jersey
  • Pennsylvania
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34
Q

set rules for creating new states, granted limited self-government to that developing territory and prohibited slavery in some places

A

Northwest Ordinance of 1897

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35
Q

bicameral house of Lord and House of Commons

A

England’s Parliament

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36
Q

serving as the U.S. ambassador in France during the P. Convention

A

Thomas Jefferson

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37
Q

how many delegates attended the Philadelphia Convention

A

55

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38
Q

“a person held to service or labour” who fled to another state would be returned to their owner

A

Fugitive Slave Clause

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39
Q

what did the Constitution take inspiration from from the 13 colonies?

A
  • Virginia House of Burgesses
  • Charter Colonies could elect their own officials
  • Mayflower Compact
  • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
  • Maryland Toleration Axt
  • Peter Zenger Trial
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40
Q

in what year did Shay attempted to steal weapons from the Springfield armory, but the state militia broke it up?

A

1787

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41
Q

a count of the population

A

census

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42
Q

what was the anti-federalists’ strategy?

A

argued that the proposed Constitution contained no protection of individual rights, it gave the central government more power than British king ever had

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43
Q

when did the Constitution come into effect?

A

1789

44
Q

what is the third amendment?

A

can’t be required to quarter soldiers in time of peace

45
Q

living in Europe during the PC

A

Thomas Paine

46
Q

elected representatives govern the people

A

republic

47
Q

powers are divided between separate branches of government

A

separation of powers

48
Q

a loose association, or league, of states

A

confederation

49
Q

who created the Articles of Confederation

A

John Dickinson

50
Q

called for 3 branches with a Bicameral legislature based on population

A

Virginia plan

51
Q

what is the sixth amendment?

A

right to a speedy and public trial

52
Q

what were their decision on who would be the leader of the new government (2)

A

elected by the electoral college (voters for President chosen by local elections), winner has most electoral votes, runner up becomes Vice President

53
Q

what did the government of the AOC not have the power to do?

A
  • collect taxes
  • regulate commerce between the states
  • enforce its own laws
54
Q

taxes on imported goods

A

tariffs

55
Q

power came from the people

A

popular sovereignty

56
Q

name some of the people who attended the P. Convention

A
  • Franklin
  • Hamilton
  • Jay
  • Sherman
  • Mason
57
Q

two houses

A

bicameral

58
Q

list the problems of the AOC

A
  • weak central (national) government
  • financial problems
  • problems with foreign European nations
  • Domestic Problems
59
Q

what were the results of Shay’s Rebellion

A

they realized the national government was powerless and needed to meet and discuss about it

60
Q

what is the fourth amendment?

A

protected against searches or seizures

61
Q

what was the anti-federalists’ disadvantages

A

poorly organized, slow to respond to Federalist challenges

62
Q

what was the Federalist’s argument?

A

a strong national government was needed to maintain order and preserve the union

63
Q

what were their decision on if salves count for population based representation?

A

salves would count as 3/5 of a person for the House of Representatives and for tax purposes (3/5 Compromise)

64
Q

what was the central government of the Articles of Confederation like?

A

unicameral legislature with one vote for each state

65
Q

opposed a strong national government

A

anti-federalists

66
Q

what date did the P. Convention approved a draft of the Constitution to submit to the states for ratification

A

September 17,1787

67
Q

what was the federalists’ advantages?

A

strong leaders and it was well organized

68
Q

what is the eighth amendment?

A

no cruel and unusual punishment

69
Q

what is the ninth amendment?

A

reserves power to the people

70
Q

what is the seventh amendment?

A

right to a by jury

71
Q

authority of Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional (not apart of Constitution, but important in the Supreme Court of 1803 w/ Marbury v. Madison)

A

Judicial Review

72
Q

provided for the surveying and sale of the territory

A

Northwest Ordinance of 1785

73
Q

what were their decision on who would be the leader of the new government (1)

A

President with power of veto, elected to a four year term (no term limit)

74
Q

convinced more people of the need to attend the Annapolis Convention

A

Shay’s Rebellion

75
Q

what was the federalists’ disadvantages

A

constitution was new and untried, lacked a bill of rights

76
Q

one house

A

unicameral

77
Q

what is the fifth amendment?

A

right to due process, no double jeopardy, can’t testify against oneself

78
Q

all states except what state sent delegates to the Philadelphia Convention?

A

Rhode Island

79
Q

called for a unicameral legislature based on equal representation

A

New Jersey Plan

80
Q

bicameral legislature w/ the Senate based on equal representation and the House of Representatives based on population

A

the Great Compromise/ Connecticut Compromise

81
Q

what was the Federalists’ strategy

A

emphasized the weaknesses of the AOC, showed their opponents as negative with no solution

82
Q

main author of Constitution and took diligent notes on every debate and discussion that occurred during the convention

A

James Madison

83
Q

who led other farmers in an uprising against high state taxes, imprisonment for debt and lack of paper money?

A

Captain Daniel Shays

84
Q

what were the last states to ratify the Constitution?

A
  • New York
  • Vermont
  • North Carolina
  • Rhode Island
85
Q

where did the delegates agree to meet to discuss the AOC?

A

Philadelphia

86
Q

refused to attend the PC saying he “smelt a rat in Philadelphia tending toward the monarchy.”

A

Patrick Henry

87
Q

who were the leaders of the anti-federalists

A
  • Mason
  • Henry
  • Winthrop
  • Hancock
  • Clinton
88
Q

what is the tenth amendment?

A

reserves power to the states

89
Q

presided over the convention

A

George Washington

90
Q

what convinced other states to ratify the Constitution?

A

a promise of a bill of rights

91
Q

the freedom to stockpile goods until ships came to transport them overseas

A

right of deposit

92
Q

for the bill of rights, only a bill of rights could protect Americans from a strong central government becoming tyrannical

A

Anti-federalists

93
Q

what were their decision on if slavery would be outlawed?

A

Congress would not tax state exports and the slave trade would end in 1803 (Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise)

94
Q

what is the second amendment?

A

right to keep and bear arms

95
Q

what introduces the Constitution?

A

Preamble

96
Q

supported the Constitution and strong national government

A

federalists

97
Q

the first ten amendments

A

Bill of Rights

98
Q

what were their decision on who has the supreme power - states or national government (1)

A

U.S. Constitution is supreme law of the land (supremacy clause)

99
Q

the right to vote

A

suffrage

100
Q

ended the Revolutionary War

A

Treaty of Paris

101
Q

what were their decision on if the short change the AOC or create a new document?

A

they decided to create a new document and worked in secret for 4 months at Independence Hall to create a new government

102
Q

why was ratification of the Articles of Confederation delayed?

A

because of land disputes

103
Q

on what date did 9/13 states ratify the Constitution?

A

June 1788

104
Q

what is another word for approval

A

ratification

105
Q

division of power between a central government and local government

A

federalism

8th grade history (9 decks)

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