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8th grade history > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

Expansion and Establishment

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1
Q

what did all of the colonies eventually come under the rule of?

A

England

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2
Q

nearly how many people settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony during the first ___ years?

A

10,000; 10

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3
Q

the wave of immigrants is known as what?

A

Great Migration

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4
Q

as more families came to America, especially to New England, the population grew faster. this type of growth is known as what?

A

natural increase

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5
Q

English _____, ______, and style of ________ eventually influenced all the colonies

A

customs; language; government

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6
Q

the Englishmen in the ______ colonies had been ______ in southern England

A

southern; aristocrats

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7
Q

the ______ were from the Midlands of England. They settled in _______, ________. and ____________.

A

Quakers; Pennsylvania; Delaware; New Jersey

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8
Q

Beginning in what year did the Germans come to the colonies?

A

1700s

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9
Q

many of the Germans were ______. They came to America for religious freedom

A

Lutherans

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10
Q

The Scot-Irish made up the _____ largest group of immigrants

A

second

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11
Q

many of the Scot-Irishes were strong ______

A

Presbyterians

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12
Q

There was a strong _____ presence in New Netherland

A

Dutch

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13
Q

The _____, or Protestants, were particularly strong in coastal south Carolina

A

French Huguenots

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14
Q

the first Africans who came to the New World came what?

A

indentured servants

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15
Q

by 1730 what percent of the population south of Pennsylvania was black

A

30

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16
Q

by 1760, blacks made up how many percent of South Carolina population?

A

60

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17
Q

Southern planters discovered their need for ___________

A

cheap labor

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18
Q

most northerners use slaves as ____ in ______ , not as farm hands

A

servants; upper-class homes

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19
Q

with people drawn from so many countries, the colonies truly were a cultural _______

A

melting pot

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20
Q

the undeveloped area at the edge of the settled land

A

frontier

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21
Q

the main north-south highway came to be known as _____________

A

Great Wagon Road

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22
Q

what states did the Great Wagon Road connect?

A

Pennsylvania and North Carolina

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23
Q

the travelers on these trails used _________ to carry their belongings

A

Conestoga wagons

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24
Q

which explorer opened the lands of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee

A

Daniel Boone

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25
Q

most farmers were ____________, who could raise enough crops and livestocks just to provide their families

A

subsistence farmers

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26
Q

the New England colonies region lacks not only ___________ but also _________ and __________

A

flat farmland; fertile; abundant soil

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27
Q

Many New Englanders looked to the _____ for their livelihood

A

ocean

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28
Q

colonists caught salted and exported _____, especially ____ to the middle colonies, the West Indies, and Europe

A

fish; cod

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29
Q

the middle colonies had many ____ ______

A

navigable rivers

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30
Q

the middle colonies had __________ soil. As a result, they were able to grow cereal grains, such as _____, _____, ______, and ____

A

rich, thick; oats; barley; wheat

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31
Q

the middle colonies were called what?

A

bread colonies

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32
Q

because the soil provided good pastures, the middle colonies began exporting ____

A

livestock

33
Q

settlers in the west began trapping animals for what?

A

fur

34
Q

what became the primary activity in the South because of the rich soil and long growing season

A

agriculture

35
Q

the land along coastal rivers and inlets

A

tidewater

36
Q

the first important cash crop in the South

A

tobacco

37
Q

an especially important crop in South Carolina

A

indigo

38
Q

the largest food crop in all the colonies was ____-

A

corn/maize

39
Q

on the frontier, Americans could claim ______ and improve it

A

property

40
Q

as the colonists began to produce extra goods beyond what they needed for their own use, a trade network was created called what?

A

the triangular trade

41
Q

which city became the most prominent shipping center?

A

Boston

42
Q

the increased wealth in the colonies cause some _____ anxiety

A

spiritual

43
Q

a Christian leader, who was concerned that the move from farming to trading would result in __________

A

Jonathon Edwards; materialism

44
Q

what was one challenge that the colonists still faced

A

their relationship with the Indians

45
Q

many colonists wanted to convert the Indians to what?

A

Christianity

46
Q

strongly supported exploration, wrote that the “Westerne discoverie (would) greatley for (the enlargement) of the gospell of Christe

A

Richard Hakluyt

47
Q

what were the reasons for the colonists wanting to convert to Indians?

A
  • they were concerned for the Indians soul (most important)
  • most Europeans believed that Indians were inferior and uncivilized believing that God’s instruction to subdue the earth meant that the Indians should become settled farmers
48
Q

The colonists believed that if the Indians became more like ______ then what could happen?

A

Europeans; they could be controlled and America would be a safer place to live

49
Q

which two groups sent missionaries to the colonies

A

protestants and catholics

50
Q

who spent most of his time ministering to the Indians

A

Roger Williams

51
Q

a Puritan leader who learned the language of the Algonquin Indians

A

John Eliot

52
Q

Indians who became Christians lived where?

A

praying towns

53
Q

what did the Indians learn about in the praying towns?

A

the Bible and Europeans law, manners, and town life

54
Q

during the worst battle of this war, the colonists ambushed an Indian fort and killed as many Indians as they could

A

Pequot War

55
Q

the rest of the Indians captured in the Pequot War was captured and sold as what to New England and West Indies

A

slaves

56
Q

the cause of death for six hundred colonists and three thousand Indians

A

King Phillip’s War

57
Q

one of the worst incidents involving the Indians in the Southern colonies was called what?

A

Bacon’s Rebellion

58
Q

Virginia’s governor who tried to keep peace with the Indians

A

William Berkeley

59
Q

did not think the governor was doing enough to protect those who lived on the frontier, he attacked the Indians despite who’s wishes?

A

Nathaniel Bacon; the governor’s

60
Q

during all the Indian wars, both sides _______ each other and made terrible _____

A

misunderstood; errors

61
Q

as a result of the Indian wars, the colonies and ____ treated the Indians unjustly

A

U.S.

62
Q

God ordained ________ to rule over mankind by ______ goodness and ________ evil

A

government; rewarding; punishing

63
Q

each of the three types of colonies licensed by the ____ has different types of local government

A

Crown

64
Q

name the colonies that were charter colonies

A

Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

65
Q

elected their leaders (governors, judges, and legislators)

A

charter colonies

66
Q

what are the proprietary colonies?

A

Pennsylvania and the Carolinas

67
Q

the proprietor or his heirs named the governor

A

proprietary colonies

68
Q

the king chooses the government

A

royal colonies

69
Q

often in royal colonies, the ______ stays in England and send a _____ ______ to rule for him

A

governor; deputy governor

70
Q

a local army

A

militia

71
Q

governors appointed local _________ to try people accused of crimes and settle disputed between citizens

A

justices of the peace

72
Q

the justice also collected ____, granted _____, recorded _____ deeds, and serve other ____ needs

A

taxes, license, property, public

73
Q

the colonies financed who by paying taxes?

A

their governments

74
Q

the main tax was what?

A

property tax

75
Q

some colonies had what kind of taxes that the citizens had to pay before they could ____

A

poll taxes; vote

76
Q

who allowed each colony to choose its own _____

A

Crown; legislature

77
Q

free adult white male property owners who could vote for representatives

A

freeholders/freemen

78
Q

in New England, the _____ was the basic unit of government

A

township

8th grade history (9 decks)

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