chapter 3 Flashcards
Expansion and Establishment
what did all of the colonies eventually come under the rule of?
England
nearly how many people settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony during the first ___ years?
10,000; 10
the wave of immigrants is known as what?
Great Migration
as more families came to America, especially to New England, the population grew faster. this type of growth is known as what?
natural increase
English _____, ______, and style of ________ eventually influenced all the colonies
customs; language; government
the Englishmen in the ______ colonies had been ______ in southern England
southern; aristocrats
the ______ were from the Midlands of England. They settled in _______, ________. and ____________.
Quakers; Pennsylvania; Delaware; New Jersey
Beginning in what year did the Germans come to the colonies?
1700s
many of the Germans were ______. They came to America for religious freedom
Lutherans
The Scot-Irish made up the _____ largest group of immigrants
second
many of the Scot-Irishes were strong ______
Presbyterians
There was a strong _____ presence in New Netherland
Dutch
The _____, or Protestants, were particularly strong in coastal south Carolina
French Huguenots
the first Africans who came to the New World came what?
indentured servants
by 1730 what percent of the population south of Pennsylvania was black
30
by 1760, blacks made up how many percent of South Carolina population?
60
Southern planters discovered their need for ___________
cheap labor
most northerners use slaves as ____ in ______ , not as farm hands
servants; upper-class homes
with people drawn from so many countries, the colonies truly were a cultural _______
melting pot
the undeveloped area at the edge of the settled land
frontier
the main north-south highway came to be known as _____________
Great Wagon Road
what states did the Great Wagon Road connect?
Pennsylvania and North Carolina
the travelers on these trails used _________ to carry their belongings
Conestoga wagons
which explorer opened the lands of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee
Daniel Boone
most farmers were ____________, who could raise enough crops and livestocks just to provide their families
subsistence farmers
the New England colonies region lacks not only ___________ but also _________ and __________
flat farmland; fertile; abundant soil
Many New Englanders looked to the _____ for their livelihood
ocean
colonists caught salted and exported _____, especially ____ to the middle colonies, the West Indies, and Europe
fish; cod
the middle colonies had many ____ ______
navigable rivers
the middle colonies had __________ soil. As a result, they were able to grow cereal grains, such as _____, _____, ______, and ____
rich, thick; oats; barley; wheat
the middle colonies were called what?
bread colonies
because the soil provided good pastures, the middle colonies began exporting ____
livestock
settlers in the west began trapping animals for what?
fur
what became the primary activity in the South because of the rich soil and long growing season
agriculture
the land along coastal rivers and inlets
tidewater
the first important cash crop in the South
tobacco
an especially important crop in South Carolina
indigo
the largest food crop in all the colonies was ____-
corn/maize
on the frontier, Americans could claim ______ and improve it
property
as the colonists began to produce extra goods beyond what they needed for their own use, a trade network was created called what?
the triangular trade
which city became the most prominent shipping center?
Boston
the increased wealth in the colonies cause some _____ anxiety
spiritual
a Christian leader, who was concerned that the move from farming to trading would result in __________
Jonathon Edwards; materialism
what was one challenge that the colonists still faced
their relationship with the Indians
many colonists wanted to convert the Indians to what?
Christianity
strongly supported exploration, wrote that the “Westerne discoverie (would) greatley for (the enlargement) of the gospell of Christe
Richard Hakluyt
what were the reasons for the colonists wanting to convert to Indians?
- they were concerned for the Indians soul (most important)
- most Europeans believed that Indians were inferior and uncivilized believing that God’s instruction to subdue the earth meant that the Indians should become settled farmers
The colonists believed that if the Indians became more like ______ then what could happen?
Europeans; they could be controlled and America would be a safer place to live
which two groups sent missionaries to the colonies
protestants and catholics
who spent most of his time ministering to the Indians
Roger Williams
a Puritan leader who learned the language of the Algonquin Indians
John Eliot
Indians who became Christians lived where?
praying towns
what did the Indians learn about in the praying towns?
the Bible and Europeans law, manners, and town life
during the worst battle of this war, the colonists ambushed an Indian fort and killed as many Indians as they could
Pequot War
the rest of the Indians captured in the Pequot War was captured and sold as what to New England and West Indies
slaves
the cause of death for six hundred colonists and three thousand Indians
King Phillip’s War
one of the worst incidents involving the Indians in the Southern colonies was called what?
Bacon’s Rebellion
Virginia’s governor who tried to keep peace with the Indians
William Berkeley
did not think the governor was doing enough to protect those who lived on the frontier, he attacked the Indians despite who’s wishes?
Nathaniel Bacon; the governor’s
during all the Indian wars, both sides _______ each other and made terrible _____
misunderstood; errors
as a result of the Indian wars, the colonies and ____ treated the Indians unjustly
U.S.
God ordained ________ to rule over mankind by ______ goodness and ________ evil
government; rewarding; punishing
each of the three types of colonies licensed by the ____ has different types of local government
Crown
name the colonies that were charter colonies
Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island
elected their leaders (governors, judges, and legislators)
charter colonies
what are the proprietary colonies?
Pennsylvania and the Carolinas
the proprietor or his heirs named the governor
proprietary colonies
the king chooses the government
royal colonies
often in royal colonies, the ______ stays in England and send a _____ ______ to rule for him
governor; deputy governor
a local army
militia
governors appointed local _________ to try people accused of crimes and settle disputed between citizens
justices of the peace
the justice also collected ____, granted _____, recorded _____ deeds, and serve other ____ needs
taxes, license, property, public
the colonies financed who by paying taxes?
their governments
the main tax was what?
property tax
some colonies had what kind of taxes that the citizens had to pay before they could ____
poll taxes; vote
who allowed each colony to choose its own _____
Crown; legislature
free adult white male property owners who could vote for representatives
freeholders/freemen
in New England, the _____ was the basic unit of government
township
