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8th grade history > chapter 12 > Flashcards

chapter 12 Flashcards

Westward Expansion

1
Q

Spanish explorer who claimed California in 1540

A

Jaun Rodriguez Cabrillo

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2
Q

included nearly 1000 people

A

The Great Emigration of 1943

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3
Q

U.S. bought another section of land on the border of New Mexico and Arizona for $10 million (five years after the war)

A

Gadsden Purchase

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4
Q

which trails did the military started patrolling in 1827

A

Santa Fe Trail and Oregon Trail

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5
Q

who were the first to develop permanent homes in Oregon?

A

Methodist missionaries

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6
Q

the belief that God intended the Americans to have all the land west of the shores of the Pacific

A

“Manifest Destiny”

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7
Q

what were the reasons people disagreed with manifest destiny?

A
  • Americans should promote trade
  • send missionaries
  • model democracy for Indians and Mexicans
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8
Q

did not allow slavery but did allow indentured servants

A

Mexico

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9
Q

which election year did many Americans called for Oregon Territory to be brought into the Union as a state?

A

1844

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10
Q

objected to the addition of Texas to the U.S.

A

Mexico

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11
Q

all gathered at one spot here and formed a single annual caravan to ensure safety

A

Santa Fe Trail

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12
Q

How many years did Texas stand by itself?

A

nine years

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13
Q

followed the Oregon Trail for 12 hundred miles before turning south and west

A

California Trail

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14
Q

Mormon’s new leader; led them to Salt Lake City

A

Brigham Young

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15
Q

broke relations with the U.S.

A

Mexico

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16
Q

hired by Sutter to build and operate a sawmill; he founded gold in the channel

A

James W. Marshall

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17
Q

how many Texans survived the Alamo?

A

three

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18
Q

Mexican military detachment arrived in Gonzales to obtain a brass canon, but they used it against them + the Mexicans retreated (1835)

A

The Lexington of the Texas Revolution

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19
Q

the first to settle in Utah Territory

A

Mormons

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20
Q

nation where 20k Mormons lived

A

“Deseret”

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21
Q

located the most useful pass

A

Jedediah Smith

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22
Q

one of the earliest routes the pioneers developed; primarily a trade route

A

Santa Fe Trail

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23
Q

in what year did a mob kill Smith?

A

1844

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24
Q

ended the war, made the Rio Grande the boundary of Texas, added the Mexican Cession to the U.S. 4 $20 mil., + canceled Mexico’s debts

A

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

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25
Q

in what year did more than 80,000 men went to California searching for gold?

A

1949

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26
Q

how many men were in the last battle on the plain where the Jan Jacinto River runs into Galveston Bay?

A

800

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27
Q

what two “territories” were war objectives?

A

California and New Mexico

28
Q

when did the Mexicans begin their siege

A

February 23, 1836

29
Q

what did the Mormons build that helped them stay independent from the U.S.?

A

mills and factories

30
Q

developed the system of Mormon belief; was killed in a mob

A

Joseph Smith

31
Q

won the 1844 election by promising “All of Oregon, All of Texas”

A

James K. Polk

32
Q

headed west for religious reasons

A

Mormons

33
Q

what led men to the Oregon Territory

A

furs

34
Q

Texas stood as the _____

A

“Lone Star Republic”

35
Q

in what placed did Spain set missions in?

A
  • San Diego
  • San Francisco
  • Los Angelas
36
Q

took 4k men to Corpus Christi and Mexico took that as an act of war

A

Zachary Taylor

37
Q

what did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo do?

A
  • ended the war
  • Rio Grande the boundary of Texas
  • added Mexican Cession to U.S. for 20 mil.
  • canceled Mexico’s debts
38
Q

what did the Compromise of 1850 do?

A
  • U.S. would admit California as a free state
  • Congress would divide the rest of the Mexican Cession into New Mexico + Utah Territories
39
Q

amendment that did not pass the senate (proposed that the U.S. ban slavery in any territory gained from war)

A

The Wilmot Proviso

40
Q

what was the attack on Santa Anna in which almost all of the Mexican army was captures or killed called?

A

Battle of San Jancinto

41
Q

men who searched for gold

A

Argonauts

42
Q

Swiss immigrant that secured a 50k-acre grant from the Spanish

A

John Sutter

43
Q

who was the 3-acre mission under the command of

A

Davy Crockett and William Travis

44
Q

who led the “Bear Flag Revolution”

A

Charles Fremont

45
Q

why did the U.S. refuse Texas’s request to join the Union?

A

Mexico threatened war if Texas became a state

46
Q

settlers used this trail to get to Oregon from the East

A

Oregon Trail

47
Q

when the word got out that there was gold, people went to California to find it

A

California gold rush

48
Q

the group of Texan soldiers who surrendered thought they would be kept as prisoners, but instead what happened?

A

all 200 of them were killed by the Mexicans

49
Q

when did Texas apply for admission to the Union?

A

1836

50
Q

How long did the surprise attack on Santa Anna last?

A

20 minutes

51
Q

arrested for treason

A

Stephen Austin

52
Q

600 trappers and traders that arrived in the new western area

A

mountain men

53
Q

when did Texas become a state?

A

1845

54
Q

tried to claim parts of Texas, but the Indians were hostile

A

Spain

55
Q

allowed a limited number of Americans to enter Texas

A

Mexico

56
Q

settled in California and set up missions in San Diego, San Francisco, and Los Angelas

A

Spanish

57
Q

two American commanders

A

Jim Bowie and Sam Houston

58
Q

who wanted to abandon the Alamo and who wanted to stay with it?

A

abandon - Houston
stay - Bowie

59
Q

German immigrant that set up the American Fur company in 1827

A

John Jacob Astor

60
Q

who located the South Pass??

A

Jedediah Smith

61
Q

people would decide whether they wanted slavery or remain free of slaves

A

popular sovereignty

62
Q

some people wanted which state to join the Union as a slave state?

A

Texas

63
Q

what were reasons for wanting to go to the West?

A
  • good farmland
  • escape their past
  • adventure
  • ministry
  • mineral riches
64
Q

how many prominent Spanish settlements did Spain have?

A

three

65
Q

who explored Texas in the 1500s and 1600s

A

Spanish

8th grade history (13 decks)

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