chapter 12 Flashcards
Westward Expansion
Spanish explorer who claimed California in 1540
Jaun Rodriguez Cabrillo
included nearly 1000 people
The Great Emigration of 1943
U.S. bought another section of land on the border of New Mexico and Arizona for $10 million (five years after the war)
Gadsden Purchase
which trails did the military started patrolling in 1827
Santa Fe Trail and Oregon Trail
who were the first to develop permanent homes in Oregon?
Methodist missionaries
the belief that God intended the Americans to have all the land west of the shores of the Pacific
“Manifest Destiny”
what were the reasons people disagreed with manifest destiny?
- Americans should promote trade
- send missionaries
- model democracy for Indians and Mexicans
did not allow slavery but did allow indentured servants
Mexico
which election year did many Americans called for Oregon Territory to be brought into the Union as a state?
1844
objected to the addition of Texas to the U.S.
Mexico
all gathered at one spot here and formed a single annual caravan to ensure safety
Santa Fe Trail
How many years did Texas stand by itself?
nine years
followed the Oregon Trail for 12 hundred miles before turning south and west
California Trail
Mormon’s new leader; led them to Salt Lake City
Brigham Young
broke relations with the U.S.
Mexico
hired by Sutter to build and operate a sawmill; he founded gold in the channel
James W. Marshall
how many Texans survived the Alamo?
three
Mexican military detachment arrived in Gonzales to obtain a brass canon, but they used it against them + the Mexicans retreated (1835)
The Lexington of the Texas Revolution
the first to settle in Utah Territory
Mormons
nation where 20k Mormons lived
“Deseret”
located the most useful pass
Jedediah Smith
one of the earliest routes the pioneers developed; primarily a trade route
Santa Fe Trail
in what year did a mob kill Smith?
1844
ended the war, made the Rio Grande the boundary of Texas, added the Mexican Cession to the U.S. 4 $20 mil., + canceled Mexico’s debts
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
in what year did more than 80,000 men went to California searching for gold?
1949
how many men were in the last battle on the plain where the Jan Jacinto River runs into Galveston Bay?
800
what two “territories” were war objectives?
California and New Mexico
when did the Mexicans begin their siege
February 23, 1836
what did the Mormons build that helped them stay independent from the U.S.?
mills and factories
developed the system of Mormon belief; was killed in a mob
Joseph Smith
won the 1844 election by promising “All of Oregon, All of Texas”
James K. Polk
headed west for religious reasons
Mormons
what led men to the Oregon Territory
furs
Texas stood as the _____
“Lone Star Republic”
in what placed did Spain set missions in?
- San Diego
- San Francisco
- Los Angelas
took 4k men to Corpus Christi and Mexico took that as an act of war
Zachary Taylor
what did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo do?
- ended the war
- Rio Grande the boundary of Texas
- added Mexican Cession to U.S. for 20 mil.
- canceled Mexico’s debts
what did the Compromise of 1850 do?
- U.S. would admit California as a free state
- Congress would divide the rest of the Mexican Cession into New Mexico + Utah Territories
amendment that did not pass the senate (proposed that the U.S. ban slavery in any territory gained from war)
The Wilmot Proviso
what was the attack on Santa Anna in which almost all of the Mexican army was captures or killed called?
Battle of San Jancinto
men who searched for gold
Argonauts
Swiss immigrant that secured a 50k-acre grant from the Spanish
John Sutter
who was the 3-acre mission under the command of
Davy Crockett and William Travis
who led the “Bear Flag Revolution”
Charles Fremont
why did the U.S. refuse Texas’s request to join the Union?
Mexico threatened war if Texas became a state
settlers used this trail to get to Oregon from the East
Oregon Trail
when the word got out that there was gold, people went to California to find it
California gold rush
the group of Texan soldiers who surrendered thought they would be kept as prisoners, but instead what happened?
all 200 of them were killed by the Mexicans
when did Texas apply for admission to the Union?
1836
How long did the surprise attack on Santa Anna last?
20 minutes
arrested for treason
Stephen Austin
600 trappers and traders that arrived in the new western area
mountain men
when did Texas become a state?
1845
tried to claim parts of Texas, but the Indians were hostile
Spain
allowed a limited number of Americans to enter Texas
Mexico
settled in California and set up missions in San Diego, San Francisco, and Los Angelas
Spanish
two American commanders
Jim Bowie and Sam Houston
who wanted to abandon the Alamo and who wanted to stay with it?
abandon - Houston
stay - Bowie
German immigrant that set up the American Fur company in 1827
John Jacob Astor
who located the South Pass??
Jedediah Smith
people would decide whether they wanted slavery or remain free of slaves
popular sovereignty
some people wanted which state to join the Union as a slave state?
Texas
what were reasons for wanting to go to the West?
- good farmland
- escape their past
- adventure
- ministry
- mineral riches
how many prominent Spanish settlements did Spain have?
three
who explored Texas in the 1500s and 1600s
Spanish
