Chapter 7 Flashcards
What are the three key processes of memory?
Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
Why does our brain pay attention to one stimulus more than another rather than paying equal attention to all?
Our life would be chaos because we can’t multitask for every stimulus around us
What are the three levels of processing, shallow first and deep last?
Structural
Phonemic
Semantic
What is structural encoding?
Relatively shallow processing that emphasizes the physical structure of stimulus
What is phonemic encoding?
Emphasizes what a word sounds like, involves naming or saying the word silently
What is semantic encoding?
Emphasizes the meaning of the verbal input, it includes thinking about the objects and actions the words represent
What are 4 methods of enriching encoding?
Elaboration
Visual Imagery
Dual coding theory
Motivation to remember
What is elaboration in encoding?
The linking of a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding, enhances semantic encoding
What is visual imagery in encoding?
The creation of visual images to represent the words to be remembered
What is dual coding theory in encoding?
Paivio’s theory that memory is enhanced by forming both semantic and visual codes since either can lead to recall
What is motivation to remember in encoding?
High motivation to remember (MTR) at the time fo encoding improves recall after
According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model, what are the three categories of memory?
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model, what is between sensory memory and short-term memory?
Attention
According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model, what is unique to the short-term memory?
Rehearsal
How long does short-term memory (STM) last? About how many items can be stored?
20 seconds
7 seconds
What action is essential to keeping short term memory longer than 10-20 seconds?
Rehearsal
What is chunking?
Grouping familiar things in order to increase short-term memory