Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is the definition of consciousness?
the awareness of internal and external stimuli
What are the four elements of consciousness?
- your awareness of external events
- your awareness of your internal sensations
- your awareness of your self as the unique being having these experiences
- your awareness of your thoughts about these experiences
Is consciousness a steady stream of focused thought?
No, the stream of consciousness has depth. Conscious and unconscious processes are different levels of awareness. Thus, consciousness is not an all-or-none phenomenon.
What does EEG stand for? What does it do?
electroencephalograph
a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp
Measures brain waves in cycles per second (cps)
These bands, named after letters in the Greek alphabet, are beta (13–24 cps), alpha (8–12 cps), theta (4–7 cps), and delta (under 4 cps)
What are biological rhythms?
periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning. The existence of these rhythms means that organisms have internal “biological clocks” that somehow monitor the passage of time.
What are circadian rhythms?
The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species. In humans, circadian rhythms are particularly influential in the regulation of sleep. Daily cycles also produce rhythmic variations in blood pressure, urine production, hormonal secretions, and other physical functions
What processes involve gamma waves?
Problem solving, concentration
What processes involve beta waves?
Busy, active mind, alert/focused attention
What processes involve alpha waves?
Reflective, respectful
What processes involve theta waves?
drowsiness
What processes involve delta waves?
Sleep, dreaming
What is the difference between a biological rhythm and a circadian rhythm?
A circadian rhythm is just the 24-hour cycle, but the biological can be much longer
What is an EMG?
Electromyograph
Records muscular activity and tension
What is an EOG?
Electrooculograph
Records eye movements
What is an EKG?
Electrocardiograph
Measures contractions of the heart
Cycles through the stages of sleep?
Stage 1: brief, transitional light sleep, lasts about 10-12 minutes
Stage 2: Light sleep, lasts about 10-25 minutes
Stage 3: Lasts about 20-40 minutes
What does REM sleep stand for? What is it?
Rapid Eye Movement
A stage of deep sleep
What are characteristics of REM sleep?
Hard to wake up from, irregular breathing and pulse rate, relaxed muscle tone, minimal movements, and virtual paralysis, rapid eye movements, high-frequency brain waves, dreaming
What is insomnia?
Difficulty falling asleep initially. Difficult remaining asleep. Persistent early-morning awakening
What is narcolepsy?
Sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods. Going directly from wakefulness to REM sleep, usually for short periods
What is sleep apnea?
Frequent reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep. Stops breathing for a minimum of 10 seconds, disturbing sleep.
What is somnambulism?
Arising and wandering about while asleep (sleepwalking). Tends to occur withing the first 3 hours of sleep, during slow-wave sleep. Lasts from 1-2 minutes to 30 minutes. May awaken during or after walking.
What is RBD?
REM sleep behavior disorder
Features potentially troublesome dream enactments during REM periods. Talking, yelling, gesturing, flailing about, or leaping out of bed during REM dreams
What are the seven theories of why we dream?
- Fulfill our wishes (Freud)
- To remember (embed)
- To forget (purge)
- To keep our brains working (screensaver, activation synthesis model)
- To rehearse (scrimmage)
- To heal (processing)
- To solve problems (unleash, Rosalind Cartwright Model)
What was Freud’s theory of why we dream?
To fulfill our wishes
What was Rosalind Cartwright’s theory of why we dream?
To solve problems
Why is 1 Nephi 8:1 not out of place?
It relates the fact that dreams are affected by what is going on in life to the vision that Lehi had.
Who is Franz Anton Mesmer?
Developed theory of animal magnetism to explain phenomenon now called hypnosis
Who used animal magnetism to explain hypnosis?
Franz Anton Mesmer
What is hypnotism?
Process of inducing a mental state of concentration and relaxation. This results in a state of high suggestibility
Who is Jose Custadio de Faria?
A Portuguese priest who showed that hypnotic phenomena were more dependent on the susceptibility and predisposition of subjects rather than a hypnotist’s powers
Who showed that hypnotic phenomena were more dependent on the susceptibility and predisposition of subjects rather than a hypnotist’s powers?
Jose Custadio de Faria
