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Organizational behaviour > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the job characteristics model?

A

This is a model suggesting that any job can be described in five dimensions.

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1
Q

What is job design?

A

Job design is the way in which the elements in a job are organized.

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2
Q

what are the five dimensions of a job characteristics model?

A
  1. Skill variety: degree to which jobs need different skills.
  2. Task identity: job requires completing one piece from start to end
  3. Task significance: impact on lives of others
  4. Autonomy: job provides freedom, independence and direction
  5. Feedback: job results in obtaining clear info about performance
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3
Q

What is the motivating potential skills score?

A

This is (skill variety + task identity + task significance)/3* Autonomy * Feedback.

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4
Q

What are the main ways jobs can be redesigned?

A
  1. Job rotation
  2. Job enrichment
  3. Relational job design
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5
Q

What is job rotation?

A

This is the shifting employees to other tasks periodically. This can increase job satisfaction, but it also increases costs and reduces efficiency and productivity

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6
Q

What is job enrichment?

A

This is the vertical expansion of a job, in which employees get more control in planning, execution and evaluation of work.

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7
Q

What is relational job design?

A

This focuses on how work from employees impacts the lives of those affected and how these connectinos have positive effects.

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8
Q

Name three alternative work arrangements.

A
  1. Flexitime
  2. Job sharing
  3. Teleworking
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9
Q

What is flexitime and what are it’s effects on motivation?

A

Flexitime means that employees have flexible work hours. This tends to reduce absenteeism and improves productivity.

This is not possible for all jobs

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10
Q

What is a job sharing arragement and what is its influence on employee motivation?

A

This is an arrangement in which two or more people share the traditional 40-hour workweek. This can be done for a variety of reasons. It can increase motivation and satisfaction, but communicating intricacies of the job is hard.

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11
Q

Name and explain two important types of employee involvement programmes

A
  1. Participative management: subordinates share decision-making power with immediate superiors. Not always effective
  2. Representative particpation: system where workers particiapte in decision making through small group of representatives. Influence is small

These programmes can increase intrinsic motivation and feelings of procedural justice

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11
Q

What is teleworking and what is it’s influence on employees?

A

Teleworking means that employees use technology to work remotely. This is suitable for information-handling tasks, mobile activities and professional knowledge-related tasks.

It increases job satisfaction but reduces supervision.

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12
Q

What is employee involvement?

A

This is a process that uses input from employees to increase employee commitment to an organization’s goals. Tries to increase motivation and commitment through autonomy.

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13
Q

Name two considerations in estabilishing a pay structure

A
  1. Balance interal equity (value of job to organization) and external exauity (compensation compared to competitors)
  2. Balancing competitive pay to attract better motivated and more talented employees while protecting profits
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14
Q

What is a piece-rate pay plan?

A

Workers get paid a total sum per produced unit.

Pure -piece-rate plan is only this commission, otherwise they have a base salary

15
Q

Name some of the most common types of variable pay structures

A
  1. Piece-rate pay plan
  2. Merit-based
  3. Bonuses
  4. Skill-based
  5. Profit sharing plan
  6. Gainsharing
  7. Employee stock ownership plan
16
Q

What is a merit-based pay plan?

A

Pay plan based on performance evaluation. This rewards high-performers.

17
Q

What are the limitations of a merit-based plan?

A
  1. Pay plan is as valid as performance review
  2. Pay rise pool can change due to changing economic conditions
  3. Resistance to these plans by unions
18
Q

What is a bonus pay plan?

A

Pay plan that bases rewards on recent performane. This is important in top jobs, but can easily be cut

19
Q

What is skill-based pay?

A

A pay plan that determines pay on number of skills mastered. Increases workforce flexibility, communication and productivity but can be dangerous when skills are unnecessary or occurrence of skill-stacking

20
Q

What is profit-sharing?

A

A pay plan that distributes compensation based on some profitability formula. Can be in cash and options. Appears to impact employee attitudes positively

21
Q

What is gainsharing?

A

Group incentive plan based on a formula using increases in group productivity as central metric

22
Q

What is an employee stock ownership plan?

A

Pay plan where employees receive stock, often below market price as compensation. Increases satisfaction and innovation if employees are psychologically involved

23
Q

What does being psychologically involved mean?

A

This means that employees need to get regular updates on business performance and have opportunity to influence it. This reduces unethical CEO behaviour

24
Q

What is a variable-pay programme?

A

Compensation plan that bases part of benefits on some individual or organizational measure

Generally increases motivation and productivity.

25
Q

What are flexible benefits?

A

Benefits plan that lets employees determine their benefits package and tailor it to their own needs and situation. This is consistent with expectancy theory

26
Q

What are the most common flexible benefits plans?

A
  1. Modular
  2. Core-plus
  3. Flexible spending
27
Q

what are modular plans?

A

These are predesigned packages meeting the needs of all employee segments, so that needs of every employee are covered by one of those packages

28
Q

What is a core-plus plan?

A

Core compensations of essential benefits + benefits selected by employees

29
Q

What are intrinsic rewards?

A

Rewards in the form of employee recognition programmes. These rewards are more motivating long-term.

Recognitino is the most powerful motivator and is free.

30
Q

What are flexible spending plans?

A

Benefit plans where employees can decide how they want to get their pre-tax pay (cash, insurance, car payments, holiday time etc.)

31
Q

What are extrinsic rewards?

A

Rewards in the form of compensation systems

Organizational behaviour (13 decks)

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