What is leadership?
Ability to influence a group towards a set of goals.
What are trait theories of leadership?
Theories considering personal qualities and characteristics as the factors differentiating between leaders and nonleaders.
what are the most important character traits for leadership emergence according to trait theories of leadership?
- Extroversion
- Conscientiousness
- openness to experience
- Emotional intelligence
What are the conclusions of trait theories?
- Traits can predict leadership
- Taints predict leadership emergence, not necessarily leadership effectiveness
What are behavioural theories of leadership?
Theories believing that specific behaviours are what differentiates leaders from nonleaders. Believes humans can be trained to become effective leaders.
What are the two central dimensions determind by the Ohio studies?
- Initiating trust: leaders will define and structure roles to achieve goals
- Considerations: job relationships characterized by mutual trust and respect.
What are the two behavioural dimensions determined by the UoMichigan studies?
- employee-oriented
- Task oriented.
What was the idea behind Fiedler’s contingency model?
theory stating that effective groups are created when fit between leadership style and situational control emerges.
What are Fiedler’s contingency dimensions?
- LEaer-member relations: extent to which members trust and respect leaders
- Task structure: level of procedurization
- Position power: amount of influence held by leader
What is situational leadership theory?
Contingency theory focusing on readiness of followers.
What are the four behaviours of situational leadership theory?
- Clear and specific directions (unable and unwilling followers)
- High task- and relationship focus (unable and willing followers)
- supportive and participating (able and unwilling)
- Don’t do much (willing and able)
What is path-goal theory?
Theory stating that leader should help followers achieve their goals and align them with those of organization.
What are the three predictions of path-goal theory?
- Directive leadership is better with stressful tasks
- Supportive leadership in structured tasks
- Directive leadership unnecessary with talented/experienced employees.
What is leader-participation model?
Theory giving rules for amount and form of participative decision making. This theory focuses on decision-making process and in-group members
What is the leader-member exchange theory?
theory supporting creation of in- and out-groups. It is more useful in individualistic societies.
What is charismatic leadership?
leadership where followers recognize extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviours.
What factors determine the effect of charismatic leadership?
- Level in organization where charismatic leader works
- Support for vision of charismatic leader
- Sense of crisis
What is a vision?
This is a long-term strategy to achieve a goal
What is a vision statement?
This is an articulation of an organization’s goals
What are the best leadership styles in terms of effectiveness and activeness?
- Idealized influence: provide vision and mission
- Inspirational motivation: communicate high expectation
- Intellectual stimulation: promote intelligence and problem solving
- Individualized consideration: treat each person differently
What is authentic leadership?
LEaders who know themselves, their beliefs and are willing to act on those. They are considered ethical and highly trusted.
What is socialized charismatic leadership?
leaders convey other-centered values instead of self-centered values.
Wat is servant leadership?
Leader focuses on helping followers with self-development instead of maximizing self-interests.
What are the effects of servant leadership?
- Higher levels of OCB
- Increases team potency
- Higher levels of creative performance
