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Organizational behaviour > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality?

A

Personality refers to the total sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. This is usually measured through self-report surveys.

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2
Q

Name two problems with self-report surveys

A
  1. Respondent might lie or practice impression management
  2. Accuracy depends on the mood of the respondent.
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3
Q

What are observer-ratings surveys?

A

Rating made by observers. This has a high correlation with self-report survey but these surveys can predict job performance better. Both types of ratings should be used in hiring decisions.

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4
Q

What is heredity?

A

These are factors determined at conception, one’s biological, physiological and inherent psychological makeup. These factors are slightly more important than environment in personality.

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5
Q

What are personality traits?

A

Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behaviour. The more frequent this behaviour is, the more important this element is to the personality

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6
Q

Name the dominant framworks for identifying and classifying traits:

A
  1. Myers-Brigg Type indicator
  2. Big Five personality model
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7
Q

Name the indicators of the myers-brigg type indicator

A
  1. Extroverted vs introverted
  2. Sensing (practical, routine,order) vs Intuitive
  3. Thinking (reason and logic) vs Feeling (personal values, emotions)
  4. Judging (want control) vs Perceiving (flexible and spontaneous)
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8
Q

What is the critique on the Myers-brigg type indicator?

A
  1. It doesn’t indicate job performance
  2. There is no in-between
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9
Q

Name the indicators for the Big five personality model

A
  1. Extroversion
  2. Agreeableness
  3. Conscientiousness
  4. Emotional stability
  5. Openness
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10
Q

What is the dimension conscientiousness in the Big 5 personality model?

A

This dimension describes the degree to which someone is responsible, dependable, persistent and organized.

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11
Q

What is the dimension agreeableness in the Big 5 personality model?

A

This dimension describes the degree to which someone is good-natured, cooperative and trusting.

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12
Q

What is the dimension emotional stability in the Big 5 personality model?

A

How calm, self-confident and secure someone is (as opposed to nervous, depressed and insecure)

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13
Q

What is the dimension openness in the Big 5 personality model?

A

describes someone in terms of imagination, curiosity and sensitivity

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14
Q

Name one way for each dimension that the big five model predicts behaviour

A
  1. Extroverts are more satisfied with job and life, and perform better in interpersonal jobs
  2. Conscientiousne predicts job knowledge and performance
  3. Emotional stability is correlated with job satisfaction
    4 Openness to experience leads to creativity, which could make them effective leaders
  4. Agreeable people tend to better in jobs with interpersonal relations. Less career success.
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15
Q

Name 7 other character traits relevant to OB

A
  1. Proactive personality
  2. Type A or B personality
  3. Machiavellianism
  4. Narcissism
  5. Risk-taking behaviour
  6. Self-monitoring
  7. Core self-evaluation
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16
Q

What is core self-evaluation?

A

This is the degree to which an individual likes himself (self-esteem), whether he considers himself capable (self-efficacy) and whether he feels in control of environment (internal locus of control)

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17
Q

What are the effects of a positive core self-evaluation?

A
  1. Higher job satisfaction, because these people see more challenge and attain more complex jobs
  2. Better job performance,b ecause they set higher goals and commit to them
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18
Q

What is machiavellianism?

A

Machiavellistic individuals are pragmantig, maintain emotional distance and believe ends justify means. More machiavellianism correlates to more wins, less persuaded.

19
Q

What is narcissism?

A

Degree to which a person feels he is important, he requires excessive admiration, he is arrogant and requires a sense of entitlement. It’s undesirable and decreases observer ratings

20
Q

What is self-monitoring?

A

Measure of individual’s ability to adjust behaviour to external factors. High elf-monitors receive higher ratings and more promotions. These people are good at networking.

21
Q

What is risk-taking?

A

Risk-taking is the degree to which individuals are willing to take chances. High risk-takers have quicker decision time and need less information. Decision accuracy the same as slow

22
Q

What is a Type A personality?

A

Aggressive, continuous involvement in struggle to achieve more in less time and, if necessary, against others.

Type B personality is exact opposite.

23
Q

What are the characteristics of a Type A personality?

A
  1. Moving, walking and eating rapidly
  2. Feel impatient with the pace at which most things take place
  3. Wants to multitask
  4. Can’t handle leisure time
  5. Obsesses with numbers and measuring success
24
Q

What is a proactive personality?

A

Proactive personalities are people who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action and persevere until a meaningful change occurs. They have high levels of job performance and career success.

25
Q

Situation strength theory.

A

deree to which norms and standards dictate appropriate behaviour in a certain situation. This strenght is analyzed in four elements.

26
Q

What are the four elements of situation strength theory?

A
  1. Clarity: degree to which work duties and responsibilities cues are clear
  2. Consistency: extent to which those cues are compatible with each other
  3. Constraints: are individual freedoms limited by external forces?
  4. Consequences: degree to which decisions have important implicatoins for organizations as a whole.
27
Q

What is trait-activation theory?

A

Trait-activation theory believes that certain situations or events activate a trait more than other situations.

28
Q

What are values?

A

Values are convictions that certain behaviour is personally preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct, based on individual’s belief about what is wrong and right. Matching values and organization policy leads to higher job satisfaction.

29
Q

What is a value system?

A

A value system is a hierarchy based ranking of someone’s individual values in terms of their intensity.

30
Q

What are the elements of the Rokeach Value Survey?

A

This is a classification of values based on two distinct types of values:
1. Terminal values: desirable end-states, goals one would like to achieve during lifetime
2. Instrumental values: modes of behaviour or means of achieving one’s terminal values.

31
Q

What is peron-environment fit theory?

A

Work performance is influenced by a match between person’s characteristics and their work environment. Consists of personality-job fit and a person-organization fit.

32
Q

What is personality-job fit theory?

A

This is a theory that identifies six personality types and suggests that the fit between personality type and occupation determines satisfaction and turnover.

33
Q

what is person-organization fit?

A

This fit revolves around the question whether personality and values match the organization as a whole and its culture.

34
Q

What are the key points of personality-job fit theory?

A
  1. There are intrinsic differences in personality between individuals
  2. There are different types of jobs
  3. People in jobs that match personality should be more satisfied and less likely to resign.
35
Q

Name the five dimensions of Hofstede’s framework for assessing culture?

A
  1. Power distance
  2. Individualism vs collectivism
  3. Masculinity vs feminity
  4. Uncertainty avoidance
  5. Long-term orientation vs short-term orientation
36
Q

What is Hofstede’s Power distance dimension about?

A

This is a cultural attribute describing the extent to which unequal power distributions within organizations and institutions are accepted.

37
Q

What is the dimension individualism vs collectivism about?

A

This concerns the degree to which people prefer individual over team work vs the degree to which it is expected of other people in their group look after them.

38
Q

What is the dimension masculinity vs femininity in Hofstede’s framework about?

A

This dimension considers the extrent to which a culture favors masculine work roles vs little differentation between male and female roles

39
Q

What is the dimension uncertainty avoidance of Hofstede’s framework about?

A

This dimension is concerned with the extent to which uncertainty is avoided within a society.

40
Q

What is the dimension long-term orientation vs short-term orientation of Hofstede’s framework about?

A

This is about the cultural difference between an orientation on the future, thrift and persistence vs an orientation on the past and present, with tradition and fulfillment of social obligations.

41
Q

Which personality traits constitute the dark triad?

A
  1. Narcissism
  2. Machiavellianism
  3. Psychopathy
42
Q

What is Schwartz’ value model?

A

This model consists of 10 values across elements like Openness to Change, Self-transcendence, self-enhancement and conservatoin. This model considers the relative importance of values differs between individuals.

43
Q

what is the Theory of planned behaviour?

A
  1. Attitude towards behaviour, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control
  2. These factors lead to intention
  3. Intention leaves behaviour.

Organizational behaviour (13 decks)

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