Chapter 3

Question 1

What is an attitude?

Answer 1

Evaluative statements and judgments concerning objects, people or events. How do people feel about something?

Question 2

What are the main components of attitude?

Answer 2

1. Cognitive: Opinon or belief segment of an attitude. States the way things are
2. Affective: emotional or feeling segment of an attitude
3. Behavioural: intenton to behave a certain way towards someone(thing)

Question 3

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 3

any incompatibility that might be perceived between two or more attitudes of between behaviour and attitudes. This stems from the argument that attitudes follow behaviour. People change what they say to ensure no contradiction to with what they do.

Question 4

What does the desire to reduce this cognitive dissonance depend on?

Answer 4

1. Importance of elements creating it
2. Level of control individual believes to have over elements
3. Rewards associated with dissonance

Question 5

What are the most important moderators of attitude-behaviour relationship?

Answer 5

• Importance of attitudes
• Attitudes correspondence to behaviour
• Existence of social pressure
• Accessibility (the more you talk about attitudes the more it shapes your behaviour)
• Level of direct experience with attitude

Question 6

What are the major job attributes?

Answer 6

1. Job satisfaction
2. Job involvement
3. Organzational commitment
4. Perceived organizational support
5. Employee engagement

Question 7

What is job involvement?

Answer 7

Degree to which a person identifies with his job, actively participates and perfomance is important to self-worth

Question 8

What is psychological empowerment?

Answer 8

belief of degree to which employees influence working environment, their competence, job meaningfulness and the perceived autonomy of their work. Managers can increase it by involving employees in decision-making.

Question 9

What is organizational commitment?

Answer 9

How much an employee identifies with employing organization and its goals and the degree to which this employee wants to remain a member of the firm.

Question 10

What factors does organizational commitment depend on?

Answer 10

1. Affective commitment
2. Continuance commitment
3. Normative commitment

Question 11

What is affective commitment?

Answer 11

emotional attachment to organization and belief in its values

Question 12

what is continuance commitment?

Answer 12

perceived economic value of staying on compared to leaving

Question 13

What is normative commitment?

Answer 13

obligation to stay on due to moral or ethical reasons

Question 14

What is perceived organzational support?

Answer 14

degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about well-being of employees.

Question 15

What does perceived organizational support depend on?

Answer 15

Fair rewards make employer seem supportive.

High POS leads to higher job satisfaction, citizenship behaviour

Question 16

What is employee engagement?

Answer 16

employee’s involvement, satisfaction and enthusiasm with/ for work they do.
Has become more important because research indicates it’s necessary for organizational success.

Question 17

Define and explain the different ways to measure job satisfaction?

Answer 17

1. Global rating method: All in all, how satisfied are you with your job?
2. Summation of job facets: identify key elements in job and ask employee to rank their job on each aspect.

Question 18

What causes job satisfaction?

Answer 18

• Enjoy the work you are doing, stimulating and challenging
• Social context of workplace (interdependence, feedback, interaction with co-workers outside of workplace)
• Education, job security, job autonomy and work-life balance
• Once individuals reach comfortable living standard, pay doesn’t affect job satisfaction
• Personality: positive core self-evaluations boost job satisfaction.
  Core-self evaluations: conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence and worth.

Question 19

Different responses to dissatisfaction

Answer 19

• Exit: Leaving organization due to dissatisfaction (active, destructive)
• Voice: active and constructive attempts to improve situations (active, constructive)
• Loyalty: Passively waiting for conditions to be improved (passive, constructive)
• Neglect: allowing conditions to worsen (passive, destructive)