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Child Dev > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do 10 to 20 percent of babies cry reflexively?

A

Immature digestion causing gas and reflux or an allergy to formula ingredients

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2
Q

Crying strategies

A

Feed (bottle, breast,) Binkie, Burp, Swaddle (bunt), White noise, Rock

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3
Q

When does social smile appear?

A

About 6 weeks, evoked by human face

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4
Q

When is laugh out loud laughter?

A

3 months

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5
Q

When does anger appear and what triggers it?

A

Appears at 6 months, triggered by frustration

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6
Q

What emotion causes cortisol to increase?

A

Sadness. Extended sadness

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7
Q

What does excessive stress do?

A

Impairs the brain, changing it’s architecture

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8
Q

When does separation anxiety appear?

A

Appears at 9 months, normal at age 1, intensifies by age 2 and then subsides

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9
Q

Stranger Wariness

A

Appears around 9-12 months. Baby no longer smiles at any face. Depends on the development of object permanence.

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10
Q

Appropriate response to temper tantrums

A

Respond with comforting sounds and words

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11
Q

When do pride, shame, and embarrassment appear?

A

The end of the second year. Related to social awareness

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12
Q

Self-Awareness

A

Realization that he or she is a distinct individual

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13
Q

Dot of rouge experiment teaches us…

A

Self-recognition appears at about 18 months

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14
Q

Temperament

A

A genetic disposition. Inborn

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15
Q

Difference between personality and temperament

A

Personality is learned, temperament is innate

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16
Q

The temperamental traits are…

A

Effortful control
Negative mood
Exuberance

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17
Q

Prenatal/physiological influences on temperament

A

Hormones, limbic system differences, early maternal influences

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18
Q

Parent’s responsiveness

A

Fosters heart rate, weight gain, brain maturation

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19
Q

synchrony

A

back and forth interaction between parent and child. Children with ASD lack this

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20
Q

attachment

A

Tie the infant forms with the caregiver

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21
Q

Strange Situation

A

Mary Ainsworth’s way of measuring children’s attachment to their caregiver

22
Q

Two signs indicate an attachment:

A

Proximity-seeking, contact-maintaining

23
Q

Attachment Type B and parental traits

A

Secure Attachment. Is calmed by mother. Parent is responsive, high in synchrony, not stressed, has a working model from parents

24
Q

Attachment Type A and parental traits

A

Avoidant Attachment: Baby avoids connection. Mom doesn’t distress or comfort baby. Mom might be mentally ill, mistreat the child, or child’s temperament is difficult

25
Q

Attachment Type C

A

Insecure-Resistant/Ambivalent. Anxiety and uncertainty are present. Child clings to mother but hits her when mom comes back.

26
Q

Attachment Type D and parental traits

A

Disorganized Attachment. Odd reactions when mom leaves and returns. Freeze, hit themselves, etc. Mom may use alcohol, abuse child, deprivate the child, etc

27
Q

Long term impact of the attachment styles

A

D: psychological disorders
B: Healthy. Children have supportive relationships
A: Aloof/distant
C: Relationships may be angry and unpredictable

28
Q

Social referencing

A

Seeking information about how to respond to an unfamiliar situation by observing someone else

29
Q

Father-infant relationships teach infants:

A

Develop social and emotional skills and about appropriate expressions of emotion, especially anger

30
Q

Mom and Dad’s play style differs…

A

Mom is gentle, dad is rough-and-tumble

31
Q

Father of psychosexual theory

A

Freud

32
Q

Psychosexual theory and development

A

Parent-child relationship is the model for all intimacy going forward

33
Q

Father of psychosocial theory

A

Erickson

34
Q

Psychosocial theory and development

A

Children learn whether the world is scary or safe
Children learn how to be autonomous or embarrased

35
Q

Father of Behaviorism

A

Watson

36
Q

Behaviorism teaches us

A

Any child can become anything if properly reinforced

37
Q

Father of Social Learning Theory

A

Albert Bandura

38
Q

Social learning theory and development

A

Children want to do what the people around them are doing (parents)

39
Q

Proximal Parenting

A

Lots of physical contact

40
Q

Distal Parenting

A

Focus more on the intellect/objects than the body

41
Q

Proximal parenting results in:

A

Less-self aware and more compliant

42
Q

Distal Parenting results in

A

More self-aware and less compliant

43
Q

Father of cognitive theory

A

Piaget

44
Q

Cognitive theory and development

A

Early experiences give us a working model

45
Q

working model

A

Set of assumptions that a person uses to organize perceptions and experiences

46
Q

Father of Sociocultural Theory

A

Lev Vygotsky

47
Q

Sociocultural theory and development

A

Children learn from mentors who provide scaffolding to apprentices in learning

48
Q

Evolutionary Theory and development

A

Bonding between adults and children is rooted in the desire for the children to survive and the adults to reproduce

49
Q

Allocare

A

Caregivers who are not the mother (even father is allocare)

50
Q

High quality Day care…

A

Attention to the child, encouragement of language and sensorimotor development, health and safety, well trained and warm and responsive caregivers

51
Q

Benefits and harms of daycare

A

Mixed results. Preschool education is beneficial, but it can be done at home

Child Dev (12 decks)

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