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Child Dev > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Body Size

A

Growth is fast, consequences of neglect can be severe, gains need to be monitored

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2
Q

How much does the average child weigh at birth?

A

7-7.5 lbs.
Weight doubles by 4th month
Triples by age 1
Physical growth slows in 2nd year
By 24 months weight is about 28-30 lbs

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3
Q

What age do children reach half their adult height?

A

2 years old

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4
Q

50th percentile?

A

Baby is exactly average

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5
Q

20th percentile?

A

Baby is smaller than most babies

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6
Q

Significance of a change in percentile?

A

Baby is not getting enough nutrition

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7
Q

Significance of healthy sleep patterns in infancy

A

Brain maturation, learning, emotional regulation

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8
Q

Hours a day spent sleeping

A

17

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9
Q

Characteristics of REM sleep?

A

flickering eyes, dreaming, rapid brain waves

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10
Q

Transitional Sleep

A

Dozing half-awake, half-asleep state

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11
Q

Slow Wave Sleep

A

Deeper Dreamless sleep. Increases around 3-4 months

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12
Q

Co-sleeping

A

Parents and baby sleep in the same room

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13
Q

Bed-Sharing

A

Sleeping in the same bed as baby. Dangerous for baby because you can roll over onto the baby and kill it

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14
Q

Head-sparing

A

Biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition affects body growth

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15
Q

What does a newborn’s brain weigh compared to an adult’s?

A

25% of the adult brain weight

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16
Q

Two year old’s brain weigh compared to an adults?

A

75% of the adult brain weight

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17
Q

Main cause of the increase in weight of the baby’s brain

A

Creation of lots of dendrites in the baby’s first year

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18
Q

Neuron

A

Brain and nervous system cell

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19
Q

Dendrite

A

Fiber that extends from the neuron and receives impulses from other neuron’s axons

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20
Q

Axon

A

Fiber that extends from a neuron

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21
Q

Synapse

A

Intersection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another

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22
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Carry info from the axon of one to the dendrite of another

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23
Q

Myelin

A

Fatty coating on the axon that speeds transmission

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24
Q

Cortex

A

Thinking, feeling, sensing,
Outer layer of the brain
Conscious thought

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25
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Front part of cortex that assists in planning, self-control and self-regulation

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26
Q

Limbic system

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus produce emotions

27
Q

Amygdala

A

Registers strong emotion, especially fear

28
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory

29
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Produces hormones, especially cortisol

30
Q

Cortisol

A

Stress hormone

31
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Works with hypothalamus to produce hormones

32
Q

Transient exuberance

A

Five-fold increase in dendrites in the cortex. Temporary state of rapid growth. Happens in the 24 months after birth

33
Q

Pruning

A

When the unused neurons and disconnected dendrites atrophy and die

34
Q

Experience-expectant

A

The infant requires basic common experiences to develop normally. Food, light, touch

35
Q

Experience dependent

A

These are optional for development, depend on the environment being created
Bilinguacy

36
Q

Effects of Lack of Brain Stimulation?

A

Isolation and sensory deprivation harm the developing brain
Social and emotional development
Emotionally and cognitive damage

37
Q

Effects of too much stress?

A

Adult may be hypervigilant or emotionally flat

38
Q

Shaken Baby Syndrome

A

A baby is shaken to make it stop crying. Damages the brain and can cause death

39
Q

Self-righting

A

An inborn drive to remedy a developmental deficit

40
Q

Piaget’s first stage of cognitive theory

A

Sensorimotor

41
Q

Sensation

A

Response of the sensory system to a stimulus

42
Q

Perception

A

The mental processing of sensory information. The brain interprets a sensation

43
Q

Cognition

A

Thinking about the perceived sensory event

44
Q

When does the sense of hearing develop?

A

Last trimester. Acute at birth

45
Q

How do newborns show they can hear?

A

Turn towards parents voices

46
Q

What sense is least developed at birth?

A

Vision. Legally blind

47
Q

Ideal range of an infant’s vision?

A

Between 4 and 30 inches away

48
Q

Binocular Vision

A

Ability to focus both eyes in a coordinated manner, develops at 2-4 months

49
Q

Forms of touch soothing to infants

A

Caressing, patting, holding them, swaddling

50
Q

Gross motor skills

A

Learned ability to move some part of the body

51
Q

Gross motor milestones

A

Sitting, crawling, walking, jumping

52
Q

When can most babies sit up unsupported

A

6 months

53
Q

Crawling begins

A

5 months

54
Q

Walk independently

A

12 months

55
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Small body movements

56
Q

What age can babies grasp things intentionally

A

6 months

57
Q

Three factors determine when a baby develops motor skills

A

Brain maturation, muscle development, practice

58
Q

Benefits of breastfeeding

A

Nutition balance
Less infant illness
Childhood vision
Stronger jaws
Higher IQ

59
Q

Colostrum

A

Thick, high calorie fluid secreted by a woman’s breast for the first three days after birth

60
Q

Malnutrition affects children:

A

Brains don’t develop normally, no body reserves to protect against common diseases, some diseases result directly from malnutrition

61
Q

Stunting

A

Too short for their height

62
Q

Wasting

A

Underweight for their age

63
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Chronic malnutrition that causes a distended belly. Child is more susceptible to diseases like measles, diarrhea, and the flu

64
Q

Position of Baby to reduce SIDS

A

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Child Dev (12 decks)

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