Chapter 14

Question 1

Puberty

Answer 1

Time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development.
Lasts 3-5 years.
Many more years required to achieve psychosocial maturitu

Question 2

WHAT DO HORMONES DO?

Answer 2

Organic chemical substances produced by one body tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another. Regulate sleep, mood, hunger, stress. Influence thoughts, urges, emotional behavior.

Question 3

HPG Axis

Answer 3

The pituitary activates the gonads, or sex glands-ovaries in girls and testes in boys- to produce estradiol (estrogen) and testosterone. These hormones affect the body’s entire shape and functioning.

Question 4

When does puberty typically begin?

Answer 4

Average Age: 11-12
As early as 8 and as late as 14 are still considered normal.
Females start puberty on average a few months ahead of boys

Question 5

Causes of the variations of puberty’s onset in individuals

Answer 5

2/3 of variation in age of onset is genetic
Hormones in the food supply
Ethnic variations (African Americans are earliest)
Weight: Heavy girls start menarche (having periods) before slender girls do (100 lbs is usually when it starts)
Stress: Stress increases pubertal hormones.
If home life is stressful. puberty tends to arrive earlier

Question 6

Risks of early puberty for girls

Answer 6

Lower self-esteem, more depression, poorer body image, boyfriends that are several years older might be exploitive.
They don’t know how to protect themselves from sexual exploitation

Question 7

Sequence of Body changes in puberty

Answer 7

10: Breast ‘bud’ stage
11: Pubic hair begins to appear, peak height spurt
13: First ovulation
16: Full breast growth

Question 8

Circadian rhythm in puberty

Answer 8

Experience a “phase delay” which makes them drowsy in the morning and wide awake with an appetite late at night

Question 9

Nutritional deficiencies in adolescence

Answer 9

Iron, Zinc, Calcium

Question 10

Causes of adolescent malnutrition

Answer 10

Proximity of fast-food outlets to schools, cost of healthy vs unhealthy foods, socializing around unhealthy foods, advertising, less family influence in adolescence

Question 11

Anorexia and Causes

Answer 11

Anorexia Nervosa=Self-starvation
Refusal to maintain a body weight that is at least 85% of normal. Intense fear of weight gain. Disturbed body perception and denial of the problem. Absence of menstruation.

Causes: Cultural influences in America are huge, nature and nurture, early puberty

Question 12

What practice has the greatest effect at mitigating the development of eating disorders?

Answer 12

Eating with the family

Question 13

One effect of uneven brain development in puberty?

Answer 13

Risky behavior increases. The limbic system is more affected by pubertal hormones and grows dramatically in adolescence

Question 14

Adolescent sexuality is problematic. Why?

Answer 14

Raising a child is expensive and time consuming and exhausting. Teen pregnancy is not welcome or expected. Sexually transmitted infections are more common and dangerous.
US has highest rates