Chapter 13 Flashcards
Characteristics, skills, and responsibilities characteristic of middle childhood
Specific chores, weekly allowance, homework, feed themselves, dress themselves, organize activities with friends,
Less often punished physically
Self-concept
How they see themselves: Self-concept becomes more specific and logical, less optimistic, more realistic. Minority children become aware of their ethnicity (usually proud of it)
Social comparison
Child compares themselves to others and realize they are not the best at everything
Erikson’s fourth stage of development
Industry vs. Inferiority
Intrinsically motivated children gain a sense of themselves as either industrious or inferior, competent, or incompetent
Importance of developing a sense of competence and industry in middle childhood?
Protects against emotional problems and substance abuse later in life. More likely to be successful like go to college and hold down a job
Growth mindset
Intelligence and talent can go up and down. Protects from self-criticism. Children should be encouraged for progress, not product
Fixed mindset
Intelligence and talent are fixed at birth. Cannot control how smart or talented you are
Resilience
Capacity to develop optimally to significant adversity
Effects of cumulative stress on development
Long-term “daily hassles” are more significant than isolated major stresses
Ex: Frequent moves, changes in caregivers, changes in schools, etc. Keep little things constant for children
Cognitive Coping
Cognitive coping reduces the impact of repeated stress. The child’s interpretation of the events is key.
Ex: Positive self talk/mantras
Parentification
Children try to take care of everyone including their own parents. Can create unhealthy patterns in adulthood like depression, over-achieving, anxiety, trying to “fix” everything
Do siblings raised together share the same environment?
Nope. They don’t completely share the same environment
Different birth order, parents treating differently, different ages leading to cohort differences. Can even appear in identical twins
Studies on importance of parental influences
Earlier studies: Parent influence doesn’t matter
Later studies: Validated the importance of parents and household influences
Family Structure
Legal and genetic relationship among relatives in the same home
Family function
How the family works to meet the needs of it’s members. Structure influences family function
