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Child Dev > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Germinal Period (Based off developmental milestones)

A

0-2 weeks

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2
Q

Embryonic Period

A

3-8 weeks

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3
Q

Fetal Period

A

9 weeks till birth

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4
Q

Pregnancy divided based on three-month periods

A

trimesters

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5
Q

First trimester

A

First 3 months

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6
Q

Second trimester

A

Second 3 months

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7
Q

Third trimester

A

Last 3 months

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8
Q

Blastocyst

A

Cells divide becoming a round ball of cells

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9
Q

Outer layers of cells on the blastocyst becomes

A

the placenta

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10
Q

The inner cells of the blastocyst becomes

A

The fetus

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11
Q

What is a placenta

A

Provides oxygen and nutrients and removes waste products from the baby. Attaches to the wall of the uterus

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12
Q

Implantation

A

10 days after conception, blastocyst burrows into the uterus wall

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13
Q

what percentage of fertilized zygotes survive?

A

1/3, 27%

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14
Q

When do obstetricians date the onset of pregnancy from?

A

First day of the last menstrual cycle

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15
Q

cephalocaudal

A

Head to feet

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16
Q

Proximodistal

A

Near to far (hands and feet form last)

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17
Q

Developments of the embryonic period

A

Head takes shape (4th week)
Arm and Legs bud (5th week)
Fingers and Toes separate (7th week)
Everything is present (8th week)
*Primitive streak

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18
Q

Primitive Streak

A

Becomes the neural tube which becomes the central nervous system

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19
Q

3 months gestation (pregnancy)

A

Baby will weigh about 3 ounces and be 3 inches long

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20
Q

Main developments of the SECOND trimester?

A

Heartbeat becomes stronger
Digestive System develops
Fingernails, toenails, and buds for teeth
Hair and eyelashes

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21
Q

Brain development in the fetal period?

A

Brain increases six times in size. Folds and creases

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22
Q

Age of viability in weeks

A

22 weeks

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23
Q

What does the age of viability mean?

A

Age at which a fetus can survive outside the mother with correct medical care

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24
Q

Last 3 months of pregnancy are called

A

The Fetal Period

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25
Q

Developments of the THIRD trimester?

A

Brain waves patterns mature
Lungs do go
Blood circulates
Digestive system starts do go

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26
Q

What triggers labor?

A

Fetal brain signals release of oxytocin which starts labor

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27
Q

How long is the average pregnancy?

A

38 weeks

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28
Q

How long is the average labor?

A

12 hours

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29
Q

Laboring positions

A

Laying down, sitting, squatting, in a birthing pool

30
Q

What is a doula?

A

Non-medical support for the laboring mother

31
Q

Alternatives to hospital birth

A

Birthing center (5%)- Healthy moms and babies, no known complications
Home births (less than 1%)- Attended by a midwife and near a hospital. Low-risk pregnancies

32
Q

Newborn’s first minutes of life:

A

First breath changes skin color (blue-pink)
Eyes wide open
Tiny fingers grab
Toes stretch
Mucus in the baby’s throat is removed
Umbilical cord cut
Placenta is expelled
Baby is tested

33
Q

APGAR tests for

A

Activity, Pulse, Grimace, Appearance, Respiration

34
Q

When is the apgar given?

A

Right after birth

35
Q

Significance of lower-number APGAR score?

A

6 or below goes to NICU
7 and above goes to healthy baby nursery

36
Q

Percentage of births by C-section

A

21%, 1/5 of deliveries. 10% are medically necessary

37
Q

VBAC

A

Vaginal Birth After Caesarean
Risk of uterine rupture: 1/1000

38
Q

Epidural

A

Anesthetic given between vertebrae. More than 70% use epidurals

39
Q

Induction

A

Synthetic oxytocin via IV makes contractions stronger. 20% of deliveries

40
Q

Teratogen

A

Things that can harm the prenatal brain or body

41
Q

Teratogen examples

A

Drogs, diseases, medication, pesticides, stressful events, vitamin deficiencies, trace chemicals in food and water

42
Q

Behavioral Teratogen

A

Affects the brain of the baby. Hyperactivity, antisocial, delayed learning
Cigarettes and alcohol

43
Q

Threshold effect

A

Teratogen is harmless in small doses but harmful once it reaches a certain level

44
Q

Interaction Effect

A

Combination of Teratogens, a combination lowers the threshold of both

45
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

An embryo exposed to heavy drinking can develop facial abnormalities

46
Q

Fetal Alcohol Effects

A

Poor concentration, impaired spatial reasoning, learning difficulties

47
Q

Innate Vulnerability

A

Each person is more or less suseptible dependent on their genes

48
Q

Neural Tube Defects

A

Spina Bifida
Anencephaly (part of the brain is missing)

49
Q

Neural Tube defects cause

A

Low levels of folic acid

50
Q

Issue around the use of over the counter or prescription medications during pregnancy?

A

Drugs may interact, some products may be untested, some may be just downright harmful

51
Q

What is the AFP test?

A

Alpha-Feta Protein Test

52
Q

What does the AFP test for?

A

Abnormal levels of a protein can is generally associated with down syndrome
Can give false positives

53
Q

How many weeks gestation is pre-term birth?

A

38 weeks

54
Q

Frequency of Low Birth Weight LBW increased or decreased?

A

Increased

55
Q

Causes of LBW

A

Assistive Reproductive Tech
Malnutrition
Food insecurity
Drug use
Obesity,
Teen pregnancy

56
Q

Effects of LBW

A

More likely to become overweight
Have other health problems especially heart problems

57
Q

What is SGA

A

Small for Gestational Age

58
Q

What causes SGA?

A

Placenta problems, maternal illnesses, drug use, tobacco use, malnutrition in mom

59
Q

Role of new fathers

A

Reduce the risk of birth complications. Help mom stay healthy, drug free, stress free

60
Q

Immigrant Paradox

A

Rate of LBW is lower in immigrant families.

61
Q

Cerebral Palsy?

A

Results from damage to the brain’s motor centers.
Difficulty with muscle control so speech and body movements are impaired

62
Q

Anoxia?

A

Lack of oxygen. Can cause brain damage or death

63
Q

Three main reflexes

A

Grasp
Moro- startle reflex, arms go out
Stepping

64
Q

Percentage of women that have post-partum depression

A

15% of women

65
Q

Causes of Post-partum depression

A

Life-style changes, financial stress, relationship stress, hormonal changes, diet, exercise

66
Q

How can we reduce post partum depression

A

Breastfeeding, good eating, emotional support, sunlight, talk to someone

67
Q

Couvade?

A

Symptoms of pregnancy and birth experienced by the father

68
Q

Parent infant bond?

A

Strong loving connection that forms and parents hold and feed newborn

69
Q

Kangaroo care?

A

Parents hold the infant on their bare chest (usually for an hour)

70
Q

Kangaroo care benefits

A

Better sleep, growth, brain development

Child Dev (12 decks)

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