Chapter 7

Question 1

What is another word used for grasping?

Answer 1

Pretension

Question 2

What is the difference between power and precision grip?

Answer 2

Power: early grasping, grabbing without the thumb in opposition, palm is doing all the work
Precision: thumb is in opposition, handshake style

Question 3

What things influence the type of grasp?

Answer 3

Size and shape

Question 4

What is body scaling in grasping?

Answer 4

Adapting components/body parts to produce the task
Adapting characteristics of the task or environment to the overall body size or to the size of the body component
E.g. changing your hand from picking up a water bottle compared to a pencil (grip movements)

Question 5

How does vision play a role in grasping?

Answer 5

• individuals conform their hand before contact with the object
• experience appears to complement visual feedback to allow for faster movement

Question 6

Do you need to relearn grasping with growth?

Answer 6

No, it does not need to be relearned
It is quite stable over a lifespan

Question 7

What happens at 3-4 months in regards to reaching in infants?

Answer 7

Infants become consistent in moving the hand to the mouth

Question 8

What happens by 5 months in regards to reaching in infants?

Answer 8

They open the mouth in anticipation of the hands arrival

Question 9

Why is posture change important when reaching and when does it typically happen?

Answer 9

Happens at 6-7 months
Being able to sit up independently allows them to use their trunk without being supported

Question 10

What is catching?

Answer 10

Gaining possession or control of an object by reaching to intercept it, or stopping it with an implement

Question 11

What are some characteristics of early catching?

Answer 11

• position their arms and hands rigidly, sometimes trapping the ball against the chest
• children sometimes turn their heads away or close their eyes

Question 12

What are some characteristics of proficient catching?

Answer 12

• hands move with the ball to absorb the ball
• catcher movers from side to side or forward and back to intercept the ball
• fingers are pointed up for high balls and down for low balls

Question 13

What are invariants?

Answer 13

The patterns of movement
Stability in kinematics

Question 14

What is an optic array?

Answer 14

• stimulus for visual perception

Question 15

What do we adjust for when catching a ball in regards to anticipation?

Answer 15

• right angle of gaze
• angle of interception

Question 16

When is coincidence-anticipation well developed?

Answer 16

Teen years