Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KIN 207 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are reflexive movements? (early motor behaviour)

A

Stereotypical responses elicited by specific external stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the purposes of reflexes?

A
  • built-in responses facilitate survival
  • reflexes allow you to interact with your environment
  • provide building blocks for future movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do primitive reflexes differ from spontaneous movement?

A

They are a response to a specific stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the stimulus, response and purpose of the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

A

Stimulus: Turn the baby’s head to one side
Response: Same-side arm and leg extend (while the other side often bends)
Purpose: train muscle tone, hand-eye coordination, balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When should the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex disappear?

A

After 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When should the Palmer grasp reflex disappear?

A

1-3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain the stimulus, response and purpose of the Symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR)

A

Stimulus: Extend head and neck or flex head and neck (on hands and knees)
Response:Arms extend and legs flex, or arms flex and legs extend
Purpose: development of posture and hand-eye coordination, preparing to crawl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When does the Moro Reflex disappear?

A

Around 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some examples of other primitive reflexes?

A
  • plantar grasping
  • rooting/soothing
  • babinski
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the stimulus and response of the Labyrinthine Righting Reflex?

A

Stimulus: Tilt the infant
Response: head moves to try and stay upright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does the Labyrinthine Righting Reflex occur?

A

2-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When does the Parachute reflex appear?

A

Appears after 4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When do we see the Derotative Righting?

A

Seen after 4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the stepping reflex?

A

Holding the infant upright, put soles of feet on a flat surface
The legs will start moving in a walking pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When does the stepping reflex disappear?

A

After 3-4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain the crawling reflex

A
  • apply pressure to sole of one foot or both feet alternately
  • a crawling pattern will be shown in arms and legs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When does the crawling reflex disappear?

A

A few weeks to months after birth

18
Q

Explain the swimming reflex

A
  • swimming movement of arms and legs when in/near water
  • as early as 11 days old
19
Q

When does the swimming reflex disappear?

A

Gone by 5 months

20
Q

What did Zelazo propose in “Practice stepping reflex with newborns- they walked earlier”

A
  • that the disappearance of the reflex was due to disuse
  • there does not need to be period of inhibition before the voluntary skill
  • that systemic stimulation of a locomotion reflex could enhance infants’ acquisition of the voluntary locomotor skill
21
Q

What are some constraints that may affect reflexes and voluntary movement

A
  • heavier legs
  • strength of the baby
22
Q

What constraints exist during the reflexive period?

A
  • leg weight
  • strength
  • environment
  • development of spinal curve
  • parents holding them for a long period of time
23
Q

What are motor milestones?

A
  • fundamental motor skills
  • cumulative, sequential
  • lead to the development of skilled locomotive patterns
24
Q

What constraints are motor milestones affected by?

A
  • maturation of the central nervous system
  • development of muscular strength and endurance
  • development of posture and balance
  • improvement of sensory processing
25
Q

What time period do infants start walking alone?

A

8-18 months

26
Q

What time period do infants start standing alone?

A

7-17.5 months

27
Q

What time period do infants start walking with assistance?

A

6-14.5 months

28
Q

What time period do infants start hands and knees crawling?

A

5-14 months

29
Q

What time period do infants start standing with assistance?

A

5-12 months

30
Q

What time period do infants start sitting without support?

A

3.75 - 9.5 months

31
Q

What time period do infants start to turn from side to back?

A

0.7-5 months

32
Q

What time period do infants start to sit with support?

A

2-5 months

33
Q

What time period do infants start to turn from back to side?

A

2-7 months

34
Q

What time period do infants start unilateral reaching?

A

4-8 months

35
Q

What time period do infants start to roll back to front?

A

4-10 months

36
Q

What time period do infants start to pull to standing?

A

5-12 months

37
Q

What does it mean to be norm referenced?

A

To compare with previously established norms (and matched on relevant factors, such as age)

38
Q

What does it mean to be criterion referenced?

A

To compare where one is on a sequence of skills (when we know skills are acquired in sequence)

39
Q

What are rate limiters?

A

Can be individual constraints that inhibit or slow attainment of a motor skill

40
Q

What is container syndrome?

A

Constantly moving the baby from one container to the next
- blocking or preventing free motion
- it puts stress on their joints

KIN 207 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions