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BIOL 240 > chapter 7 > Flashcards

chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

passive transport

A

bringing small molecules into the cell without energy

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2
Q

what does fluid mosaic mean

A

motion and made up of a lot of stuff

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3
Q

amphipathic

A

contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic reagion

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4
Q

are membrane proteins amphipathic

A

yes

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5
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

membrane structure includes mosaic protein molecules and a fluid layer of phospholipids

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6
Q

how are proteins distributed in the membrane

A

in groups to carry out common functions

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7
Q

how are membranes held together

A

weak hydrophobic reactions

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8
Q

cooler temps membrane goes to a ___ state

A

solid state

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9
Q

is a solid membrane good

A

no it can’t function

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10
Q

warm temps make membrane a ___ state

A

fluid

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11
Q

unsaturated acids are more

A

fluid

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12
Q

saturated fatty acids are more

A

solid

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13
Q

at warm temps cholesterol…

A

restrains movement of phospholipids

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14
Q

at cool temps cholesterol…

A

maintains fluidity in phospholipids

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15
Q

movement of transport proteins are effected by

A

fluidity

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16
Q

if your an animal that lives in the cold

A

you have a lot of unsaturated hydrocarbon tails

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17
Q

what do the proteins do in the membrane

A

determine the membrane’s function

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18
Q

peripheral proteins

A

bound to the surface of the membrane
-hydrophilic (bound with ionic bonds)

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19
Q

integral proteins

A

proteins that go through the hydrophobic core

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20
Q

transmembrane protein

A

integral proteins that go through the whole membrane

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21
Q

hydrophobic regions of integral proteins…

A

contain coiled a helices of amino acids

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22
Q

integrins

A

attach to fibers of the extra cellular matrix

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23
Q

cell surface proteins are important for medicine why?

A

they can add receptors block diseases from sticking to the membrane

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24
Q

size of carbs surface molecules mound to

A

small branched

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25
glycolipids
carbs bonded to lipids
26
glycoproteins
carbs bonded to proteins
27
where are carbs found
outside part of the cell
28
where are glycolipids located
either outside the cell or inside the organelle
29
selective permeability
regulated crossing of substances across the membrane
30
which molecules pass through the membrane quickly
small nono large molecules
31
transport proteins
help things get in and out of cell
32
channel proteins
create a hydrophilic channel through the membrane (closable) -smaller molecules
33
carrier proteins
bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across membrane
34
aquaporins
channel proteins that increase the rate of passage of water molecules
35
can transport proteins take in all substances
no each protein has a specific molecule it transports
36
diffusion
movement of particles to spread evenly into an available space
37
in diffusion molecules in a concentrated region….
go to another less concentrated area
38
concentration gradient
diffusion toward wherever the concentration is lower
39
passive transport
diffusion across the cell (no excess energy)
40
what does the rate of diffusion depend on
membrane permeability
41
osmosis
water goes across the membrane from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration
42
toxicity
the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
43
isotonic
concentration inside and outside the cell is equal
44
hypertonic
concentration higher outside the cell
45
hypotonic
higher concentration inside the cell (more water into the cell)
46
osmoregulation
control of solute concentration and water levels and to make sure cells don’t loose or gain too much water ex. animals that live in the water
47
turgid
very firm i elastic wall (healthy)
48
flaccid
no net movement of water into cell (limp)
49
plasolysis
when cell shrivels and the membrane pulls away from the cell wall
50
facilitated diffusion
transport proteins speed up passive movement of molecules across the plasma membrane
51
types of transport proteins
channel and carrier proteins
52
ion channels
facilitate the transport of ions (transport protein)
53
gated channels
only open and close in response to a stimulus
54
carrier proteins
undergo shape change that moves the solute-binding site across the membrane
55
active transport
requires energy
56
sodium-potassim pump
pumps sodium ions out of cell and potasium in the cell
57
how many sodium ions go out and how many potasiom ions come in
3 na ions go out 2 k ions come in
58
membrane potential
voltage across the membrane
59
electrochemical gradient
drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane -chemucal force (ion’s concentration gradient) -electrical force (effect of the membrane potentia on the ion’s movement)
60
electrogenic pump
a transport protein that generates voltage across the membrane, storing energy that can be used for cellular work
61
sodium-potassium pump
main electrogenic pumps in animals
62
proton pumo
electrogenic pump in plants, fungi, and bacteria
63
cotransport
when active transport of a solute indirectly drives transport of other substances
64
when people have diarrhea…
sodium levels drop
65
exocytosis
transport vesticles that fuse with the membrane and release their contense outside the membrane
66
endocytosis
macromolecules are taken into the cell with vesicles
67
what are the three types of endocytosis
phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis
68
phagocytosis
cell engulfs a particle by extending pseudopodia around it and packing it into a foos vesicle
69
pinocytosis
extracellular fluid is “gulped” into vesicles
70
coat proteins
coat the vesicles in pinocytosis
71
receptor-mediated endocytosis
vesicle formation is triggered by solute binding to receptors

BIOL 240 (9 decks)

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