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BIOL 240 > chapter 7 > Flashcards

chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

passive transport

A

bringing small molecules into the cell without energy

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2
Q

what does fluid mosaic mean

A

motion and made up of a lot of stuff

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3
Q

amphipathic

A

contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic reagion

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4
Q

are membrane proteins amphipathic

A

yes

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5
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

membrane structure includes mosaic protein molecules and a fluid layer of phospholipids

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6
Q

how are proteins distributed in the membrane

A

in groups to carry out common functions

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7
Q

how are membranes held together

A

weak hydrophobic reactions

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8
Q

cooler temps membrane goes to a ___ state

A

solid state

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9
Q

is a solid membrane good

A

no it can’t function

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10
Q

warm temps make membrane a ___ state

A

fluid

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11
Q

unsaturated acids are more

A

fluid

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12
Q

saturated fatty acids are more

A

solid

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13
Q

at warm temps cholesterol…

A

restrains movement of phospholipids

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14
Q

at cool temps cholesterol…

A

maintains fluidity in phospholipids

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15
Q

movement of transport proteins are effected by

A

fluidity

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16
Q

if your an animal that lives in the cold

A

you have a lot of unsaturated hydrocarbon tails

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17
Q

what do the proteins do in the membrane

A

determine the membrane’s function

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18
Q

peripheral proteins

A

bound to the surface of the membrane
-hydrophilic (bound with ionic bonds)

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19
Q

integral proteins

A

proteins that go through the hydrophobic core

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20
Q

transmembrane protein

A

integral proteins that go through the whole membrane

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21
Q

hydrophobic regions of integral proteins…

A

contain coiled a helices of amino acids

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22
Q

integrins

A

attach to fibers of the extra cellular matrix

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23
Q

cell surface proteins are important for medicine why?

A

they can add receptors block diseases from sticking to the membrane

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24
Q

size of carbs surface molecules mound to

A

small branched

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25
Q

glycolipids

A

carbs bonded to lipids

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26
Q

glycoproteins

A

carbs bonded to proteins

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27
Q

where are carbs found

A

outside part of the cell

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28
Q

where are glycolipids located

A

either outside the cell or inside the organelle

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29
Q

selective permeability

A

regulated crossing of substances across the membrane

30
Q

which molecules pass through the membrane quickly

A

small nono large molecules

31
Q

transport proteins

A

help things get in and out of cell

32
Q

channel proteins

A

create a hydrophilic channel through the membrane (closable)
-smaller molecules

33
Q

carrier proteins

A

bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across membrane

34
Q

aquaporins

A

channel proteins that increase the rate of passage of water molecules

35
Q

can transport proteins take in all substances

A

no each protein has a specific molecule it transports

36
Q

diffusion

A

movement of particles to spread evenly into an available space

37
Q

in diffusion molecules in a concentrated region….

A

go to another less concentrated area

38
Q

concentration gradient

A

diffusion toward wherever the concentration is lower

39
Q

passive transport

A

diffusion across the cell (no excess energy)

40
Q

what does the rate of diffusion depend on

A

membrane permeability

41
Q

osmosis

A

water goes across the membrane from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration

42
Q

toxicity

A

the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

43
Q

isotonic

A

concentration inside and outside the cell is equal

44
Q

hypertonic

A

concentration higher outside the cell

45
Q

hypotonic

A

higher concentration inside the cell (more water into the cell)

46
Q

osmoregulation

A

control of solute concentration and water levels and to make sure cells don’t loose or gain too much water
ex. animals that live in the water

47
Q

turgid

A

very firm i elastic wall (healthy)

48
Q

flaccid

A

no net movement of water into cell (limp)

49
Q

plasolysis

A

when cell shrivels and the membrane pulls away from the cell wall

50
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

transport proteins speed up passive movement of molecules across the plasma membrane

51
Q

types of transport proteins

A

channel and carrier proteins

52
Q

ion channels

A

facilitate the transport of ions (transport protein)

53
Q

gated channels

A

only open and close in response to a stimulus

54
Q

carrier proteins

A

undergo shape change that moves the solute-binding site across the membrane

55
Q

active transport

A

requires energy

56
Q

sodium-potassim pump

A

pumps sodium ions out of cell and potasium in the cell

57
Q

how many sodium ions go out and how many potasiom ions come in

A

3 na ions go out 2 k ions come in

58
Q

membrane potential

A

voltage across the membrane

59
Q

electrochemical gradient

A

drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane
-chemucal force (ion’s concentration gradient)
-electrical force (effect of the membrane potentia on the ion’s movement)

60
Q

electrogenic pump

A

a transport protein that generates voltage across the membrane, storing energy that can be used for cellular work

61
Q

sodium-potassium pump

A

main electrogenic pumps in animals

62
Q

proton pumo

A

electrogenic pump in plants, fungi, and bacteria

63
Q

cotransport

A

when active transport of a solute indirectly drives transport of other substances

64
Q

when people have diarrhea…

A

sodium levels drop

65
Q

exocytosis

A

transport vesticles that fuse with the membrane and release their contense outside the membrane

66
Q

endocytosis

A

macromolecules are taken into the cell with vesicles

67
Q

what are the three types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis

68
Q

phagocytosis

A

cell engulfs a particle by extending pseudopodia around it and packing it into a foos vesicle

69
Q

pinocytosis

A

extracellular fluid is “gulped” into vesicles

70
Q

coat proteins

A

coat the vesicles in pinocytosis

71
Q

receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

vesicle formation is triggered by solute binding to receptors

BIOL 240 (9 decks)

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