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BIOL 240 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

genetics

A

the study of heredity and inherited variation

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2
Q

transmission genetics

A
  • principles of heredity
  • how traits are passed from generation to the next
  • focus on individual organism
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3
Q

molecular genetics

A

structure, function, and regulation of genes
-how genes are encoded, replicated, and expressed

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4
Q

population genetics

A

Evolution
- genetic composition of populations
- how genetic composition changed geographically

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5
Q

cell division

A

continuity of life based on the reproduction of cells

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6
Q

what happens in cell division

A

more cells + more genetic material

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7
Q

genome

A

all the genetic instructions

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8
Q

how many DNAs in a genome

A

in a prokaryote 1 in a eukaryote could be many

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9
Q

somatic cells

A

nonreproductive cells with two sets of chromosomes

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10
Q

sex cells

A

reproductive cells (half as many chromosomes as somatic cells)

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11
Q

mitosis

A

division of somatic cells

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12
Q

meiosis

A

division germ/sex cells (gametes)

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13
Q

mitotic chromosomes

A

most highly condensed form of dna

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14
Q

nuclear division

A

mitosis

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15
Q

what do cells do to prepare for cell division

A

DNA is replicated and chromosomes condense

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16
Q

what does each duplicated chromosome have

A

sister chromatids

17
Q

centromere

A

the waist of the duplicated chromosome where the sister chromatids are attatched

18
Q

telomeres

A

tips of linear chromosomes

19
Q

centromere

A

attaching point for spindle microtubules

20
Q

what happens in interphase

A

the cell prepares for cell division by growing and replicating its chromosomes

21
Q

what happens during S phase

A

DNA is synthesized (replicated)

22
Q

phases of mitosis

A

prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

23
Q

what happens after mitosis

A

cytokinesis

24
Q

g1 phase

A

growth phase

25
Q

G2 phase

A

2nd growth phase

26
Q

cytokinesis

A

division of cytoplasm

27
Q

prophase

A

chromosomes are condensed
mitotic spindle forms

28
Q

prometaphase

A

the nuclear membrane disintegrates
spindle microdubules attaché to chomatids

29
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes line up

30
Q

anaphase

A

sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles

31
Q

telophase

A

the nuclear membrane reformed and chromosomes relax

32
Q

mitotic spindle

A

structure made of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis

33
Q

centrosome

A

at the polar ends of a cell have microtubules attached

34
Q

kinetochore

A

a protein complex associated with centromeres

35
Q

metaphase plate

A

an imaginary plane midway between two poles where chromosomes line up

36
Q

cleavage furrow

A

a shallow grove in the cells surface near the old metaphase plate

BIOL 240 (9 decks)

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