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psych 302 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

pitch

A

a perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to the fundamental frequency

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2
Q

hertz

A

cycles per second

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3
Q

loudness

A

a perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to intensity

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4
Q

timbre

A

a perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to complexity

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5
Q

tympanic membrane

A

the eardrum

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6
Q

ossicle

A

one of the three bones of the middle ear

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7
Q

malleus

A

the hammer; the first of the three ossicles

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8
Q

incus

A

the anvil; second of the three ossicles

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9
Q

stapes

A

the stirrup; the last of the three ossicles

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10
Q

cochlea

A

the snail shaped structure of the inner ear that contains the auditory transducing mechanisms

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11
Q

oval window

A

an opening in the bone surrounding the cochlea that reveals a membrane, against which the baseplate of the stapes presses, transmitting sound vibrations into the fluid within the cochlea

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12
Q

organ of corti

A

the sensory organ on the basilar membrane that contains the auditory hair cells

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13
Q

hair cell

A

the receptive cell of the auditory apparatus

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14
Q

deiters’s cell

A

a supporting cell found in the organ of corti; sustains the auditory hair cells

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15
Q

basilar membrane

A

a membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear; contains the organ of corti

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16
Q

tectorial membrane

A

a membrane located above the basilar membrane; serves as a shelf against which the cilia of the auditory hair cells move

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17
Q

round window

A

an opening in the bone surrounding the cochlea of the inner ear that permits vibrations to be transmitted via the oval window into the fluid in the cochlea

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18
Q

cilia

A

the hairlike appendages of a cell involved in movement or in the transducing sensory information; found on the receptors in the auditory and vestibular system

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19
Q

tip link

A

an elastic filament that attaches the tip of one cilium to the side of the adjacent cilium

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20
Q

insertional plaque

A

the point of attachment of a tip link to a cilium

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21
Q

cochlear nerve

A

the branch of the auditory nerve that transmits auditory information from the cochlea to the brain

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22
Q

olivocochlear bundle

A

a bundle of efferent axons that travel from the olivary complex of the medulla to the auditory hair cells on the cochlea

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23
Q

cochlear nucleus

A

one of a group of nuclei in the medulla that receives auditory information from the cochlea

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24
Q

superior olivary complex

A

a group of nuclei in the medulla; involved with auditory functions, including localization of the source of sounds

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25
Q

lateral lemniscus

A

a band of fibers running rostrally through the medulla and pons; carries fibers of the auditory system

26
Q

tonotopic representation

A

a topographically organized mapping of different frequencies of sound that are represented in a particular region of the brain

27
Q

core region

A

the primary auditory cortex, located on a gyrus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe

28
Q

belt region

A

the first level of auditory association cortex; surrounds the belt region

29
Q

parabelt region

A

the second level of auditory association cortex; surrounds the belt region

30
Q

place code

A

the system by which information about different frequencies is coded by different locations on the basilar membrane

31
Q

rate code

A

the system by which information about different frequencies is coded by the rate of firing of neurons in the auditory system

32
Q

cochlear implant

A

an electronic device surgically implanted in the inner ear that can stimulate the basilar membrane

33
Q

fundamental frequency

A

the lowest, and usually most intense frequency of a complex sound; most often perceived as the sounds’ basic pitch

34
Q

overtone

A

the frequency of complex tones that occurs at multiples of the fundamental frequency

35
Q

phase differences

A

the difference in arrival times of sound waves at each of the eardrums

36
Q

intensity difference

A

the difference in sound intensities at each of the eardrums

37
Q

vestibular sac

A

one of a set of two receptor organs in each inner ear that detect changes in the tilt of the head

38
Q

semicircular cancel

A

one of the three ringlike structures of the vestibular apparatus that detect changes in head rotation

39
Q

utricle

A

one of the vestibular sacs

40
Q

saccule

A

one of the vestibular sacs

41
Q

ampulla

A

an enlargement in a semicircular canal; contains the cupula and the crista

42
Q

cupula

A

a gelatinous mass found in the ampulla of the semicircular canals; moves in response to the flow of the fluid in the canals

43
Q

vestibular ganglion

A

a nodule on the vestibular nerve that contains the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons that convey vestibular information to the brain

44
Q

cutaneous sense

A

one of the somatosense; includes sensitivity to stimuli that involve the skin

45
Q

proprioception

A

perception of the body’s position and posture

46
Q

kinesthesia

A

perception of the body’s own movements

47
Q

organic sense

A

a sense modality that arises from receptors located within the inner organs of the body

48
Q

glabrous skin

A

skin that does not contain har; found on the palms and soles of the feet

49
Q

merkel’s disk

A

a touch sensitive cutaneous receptor important for detection of form and roughness, especially by finger tips

50
Q

ruffini corpuscle

A

a touch sensitive cutaneous receptor important in detecting stretching or static force against the skin, most important in proprioception

51
Q

meissner’s corpuscle

A

a touch sensitive cutaneous receptor important in detecting edge contours or braille like stimuli especially by fingertips

52
Q

pacinian corpuscle

A

a vibration sensitive cutaneous receptor important in detecting vibration from an object being held

53
Q

mechanoreceptor

A

a senory neuron that responds to mechanical stimuli: for example those that produce pressure, stretch, or vibration of the skin or stretch of muscles or tendons

54
Q

phantom limb

A

sensations that appear to originate in a limb that has been amputated

55
Q

umami

A

the taste sensation produced by glutamate

56
Q

chorda tympani

A

a branch of the facial nerve that passes beneath the ear drum; conveys taste information from the anterior part of the tongue and controls the secretion of some salivary glands

57
Q

nucleus of the solitary tract

A

a nucleus of the medulla that receives information from visceral organs and from the gustatory system

58
Q

olfactory epithelium

A

the epithelial tissue of the nasal sinus that covers the cribriform plate; contains the cilia of the olfactory receptors

59
Q

olfactory bulb

A

the protrusion at the end of the olfactory tract; receives input form the olfactory receptors

60
Q

mitral cell

A

a neuron located in the olfactory bulb that receives information from olfactory receptors; axons of mitral cells bring information to the rest of the brain

61
Q

olfactory glomerulus

A

a bundle of dendrites of mitral cells and the associated terminal buttons of the axons of olfactory receptors

psych 302 (12 decks)

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