chapter 14 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

aphasia

A

difficulty in producing or comprehending speech not produced by deafness or a simple motor deficit; caused by brain damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

split brain operation

A

brain surgery that is occasionally performed to treat a form of epilepsy; the surgeon cuts the corpus callosum, which connects the two hemispheres of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bilingual

A

the ability to communicate fluently in two languages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

prosody

A

the use of changes in intonation and emphasis to convey meaning in speech besides that specified by the particular words; an important means of communication of emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

a form of aphasia characterized by agrammatism, anomia, and extreme difficulty in speech articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function word

A

a preposition, article, and extreme difficulty in speech articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

content word

A

a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb that conveys meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

agrammatism

A

one of the usual symptoms of broca’a aphasia; a difficulty in comprehending or properly employing grammatical devices, such as verb endings and word order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

anomia

A

difficulty in finding the appropriate word to describe an object, action, or attribute; one of the symptoms of aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

wernike’s area

A

a region of the auditory association cortex on the left temporal lobe of humans, which is important in the comprehension of words and the production of meaningful speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

wernike’s aphaisa

A

a form of aphaisa characterized by poor speech comprehension and fluent but meaningless speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pure word deafness

A

the ability to hear, to speak, and usually to read and write without being able to comprehend the meaning of speech; caused by damage to Wernike’s area or disruption of auditory input to this region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

transcortical sensory aphasia

A

a speech disorder in which a person has difficulty comprehending speech and producing meaning full spontaneous speech but can repeat speech; caused by damage to the region of the brain posterior to wernike’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

circumlocutions

A

a strategy by which people with anomia find alternative ways to say something when they are unable to think of the most appropriate word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

arcuate fasciculus

A

a bundle of axons that connects wenike’s area with broca’s area; damage causes conduction aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

conduction aphasia

A

an aphasia characterized by the inability to repeat words that are heard by the ability to speak normally and comprehend the speech of others

17
Q

pure alexia

A

loss of the ability to read without loss of the ability to write; produced by brain damage

18
Q

whole word reading

A

reading by recognizing a word as a whole; sight reading

19
Q

phonetic reading

A

reading by decoding the phonetic significance of letter strings; sound reading

20
Q

surface dyslexia

A

a reading disorder in which a person can read words phonetically but has difficulty reading irregularly spelled words by the whole word method

21
Q

direct dyslexia

A

a language disorder caused by brain damage in which the person can read words aloud without understanding them

22
Q

phonological dyslexia

A

a reading disorder in which a person can read familiar words but has difficulty reading unfamiliar words or pronounceable nonwords

23
Q

visual word form area

A

a region of the fusiform gyrus on the base of the temporal lobe that plays a critical role in whole word recognition

24
Q

developmental dyslexia

A

a reading difficulty in a person of normal intelligence and perceptual ability; of genetic origin or caused by prenatal or perinatal factors

25
Q

phonological dysgraphia

A

a writing disorder in which the person cannot sound out writes and write them phonetically

26
Q

orthographic dysgraphia

A

a writing disorder in which the person can spell regularly spelled words but not irregularly spelled ones