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psych 302 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation

A

The process in which specialized cells of the nervous system detect environmental stimuli and transducer their energy into receptor potentials

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2
Q

Perception

A

The conscious experience and interpretation of information from the senses

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3
Q

Hue

A

One of the perceptual dimensions of color; the dominant wavelength

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4
Q

Brightness

A

One of the perceptual dimensions of color; intensity

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5
Q

Saturation

A

One of the perceptual dimensions of color; purity

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6
Q

Sensory receptor

A

A specialized neuron that detects a particular category of physical events

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7
Q

Sensory transduction

A

The process by which sensory stimuli are transducer into slow graded receptor potentials

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8
Q

Receptor potential

A

A slow graded electrical potential produced by a receptor cell in response to physical stimulus

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9
Q

Retina

A

The neural tissue and photoreceptive cells located on the inner surface of the posterior portion of the eye

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10
Q

Accommodation

A

Changes in the thickness of the lens of the eye accomplished by ciliary muscles that focus images of near or distant objects in the retina

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11
Q

Rod

A

One of the receptor cells of the retina; sensitive to light of low intensity

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12
Q

Coke

A

One of the receptor cells of the retina; maximally sensitive to one of three different wavelengths of light and hence encodes color vision

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13
Q

Photoreceptors

A

One of the receptor cells of the retina; transducer photic energy into electrical potentials

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14
Q

Fovea

A

The region of the retina that mediates the most acute vision of birds and higher mammals. Color sensitive cones constitute the only type of photo receptor found in the fovea

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15
Q

Optic disk

A

The location of the exit point from the retina of the fibers of the ganglion cells that form the optic nerve; responsible
For blind spot

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16
Q

Bipolar cell

A

A bipolar neuron located in the middle layer of the retina, converting information from the photoreceptors to the ganglion cells

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17
Q

Ganglion cell

A

A neuron located in the retina that receives visual information from the bipolar cells; it axons gives rise to the optic nerve

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18
Q

Horizontal cell

A

A neuron in the retina that interconnects adjacent photoreceptors and the outer processes of the bipolar cells

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19
Q

Amacrine cell

A

A neuron in the retina that interconnects adjacent ganglion cells and the inner processes of the bipolar cells

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20
Q

Photopigment

A

A protein dye bonded to retinal, a substance derived from vitamin A; responsible for transduction of visual information

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21
Q

Lamella

A

A layer of membrane containing photopigments; found in rods and cones of the retina

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22
Q

Olson

A

A class of protein that together with retinal constitutes the photopigments

23
Q

Retinal

A

A chemical synthesized from vitamin A; joins with an opsin to form photopigment

24
Q

Rhodopsin

A

A particular opsin found in rods

25
Q

Receptive field

A

That portion of the visual field in which the presentation of visual stimuli will produce and alteration in the firing rate of a particular neuron

26
Q

Vergence movement

A

The cooperative movement of the eyes which ensures that the image of an object falls on identical portions of both retinas

27
Q

Saccadic movement

A

The rapid jerky movement of the eyes used in scanning a visual scene

28
Q

Pursuit movement

A

The movement that the eyes make to maintain and image of a moving object on the fovea

29
Q

Optic nerve

A

Bundles of axons from retinal ganglion cells exit the eye and convert information to the lateral geniculate nucleus

30
Q

Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

A

A group of cell bodies within the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus; received input from the retina and projects to the primary visual cortex

31
Q

Optic chiasm

A

A cross shaped connection between the optic nerves located below the base of the brain just anterior to the pituitary gland

32
Q

Visual pathway

A

The pathway of visual processing from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus to striate and extrastriate virtual regions

33
Q

Striate cortex

A

Primary visual cortex

34
Q

Extrastriate cortex

A

A region of visual association cortex; receives fibers from the striate cortex and form the superior follicular and projects to the inferior temporal cortex

35
Q

Magnocellular layer

A

One of the inner two layers of neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus; transmits information necessary for the perception of form, movement, depth, and small differences

36
Q

Parvocellular layer

A

One of the four outer layers of neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus; transmits information necessary for perception of color and fine details to the primary visual cortex

37
Q

Koniocellular sublayers

A

One of the sublayers of neurons in the dorasal lateral geniculate nucleus found ventral to each of the magnocellular and parvocellular layers; transmits information from short wavelength cones to the primary visual cortex

38
Q

Dorsal stream

A

A system of interconnected regions of visual cortex involved in the perception of spatial location beginning with the striate cortex and ending with the posterior parietal cortex

39
Q

Ventral stream

A

A system of interconnecting regions of visual cortex involved in the perfectionist of form beginning with the striate cortex and ending with the inferior temporal cortex

40
Q

Protanopia

A

An inherited form of defective color vision in which red and green hues are confused; red cones are filled with green cone opsin

41
Q

Deuteranopia

A

An inherited form of defective color vision in which red and green hues are confused; green cones are filled with red cone opsin

42
Q

Tritanopia

A

An inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused; blue cones are either lacking or faulty

43
Q

Negative afterimage

A

The imagine seen after a portion of the retina is exposed to an intense visual stimulus; consists of colors complementary to those of the physical stimulus

44
Q

Complementary colors

A

Colors that make white or gray when mixed together

45
Q

Cerebral achromatopsia

A

Inability to discriminate among different hues; caused by damage to the visual association cortex

46
Q

Visual agnosia

A

Deficits in visual perception in the absence of blindness; caused by brain damage

47
Q

Lateral occipital complex

A

A region of the extrastriate cortex, involved in perception of objects other than people’s bodies and faces

48
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Failure to recognize particular people by the sight of their faces

49
Q

Fusiform face area

A

A region of the visual association cortex located in the inferior temporal lobe; involved in perception of faces and other simplex objects that require expertise to recognize

50
Q

Retinal disparity

A

The fact that points on objects located at different distances from the observer will fall on slightly different locations on the two retinas; provides the basis for stereopsis

51
Q

Posterior parietal cortex

A

The highest level of the dorsal stream of the visual association cortex; involved in perception of movement and spacial location

52
Q

Optic flow

A

The complex motion of points in the visual field caused by relative movement between the observer and environment; provides information about the relative distance of objects from the observer and of the relative direction of movement

53
Q

Akinetopsia

A

Inability to perceive movement cause by damage to area V5 of the visual association cortex

psych 302 (12 decks)

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