Chapter 6: The Skeletal System Flashcards
The membranous outer covering of a long bone is..?
Periosteum
What are the 6 functions of bone?
- ) Support
- ) Protection
- ) Assisting in movement
- ) Mineral homeostasis
- ) Production of blood cells(hemopoiesis)
- ) Triglyceride storage
The method of ossification forming most bones is..?
Endochondral
The enlarged ends of a bone are..?
Epiphyses
Articular cartilage is an example of this cartilage type..
Hyaline
The center of an osteon which carries blood vessels longitudinally through bone
Haversion canal
The shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
Rings of bony tissue filled with minerals and surrounding the Haversion canal
Lamellae
Mature bone cells
Osteocytes
Bone that contains numerous air spaces between cells
Spongy
Microscopic cavities in bone containing osteocytes
Lacunae
A space in bone which contains marrow
Medullary canal
Bone forming cells
Epithelial
Very dense bone with no air spaces between cells
Compact
Small channels connecting lacunae with each other
Canaliculi
The unit of structure in compact bone
Haversion system
The mineral part of bone
Matrix
The “growth area” in bones where epiphysis joins diaphysis
Epiphyseal plate
Bone is an example of this major tissue type
Connective
Bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures
Osteoporosis
Which 3 bones fuse together to form the hip bones?
Ilium, ischium, pubis
What type of bone forms most of the epiphysis of long bones and consists of trabeculae that surround spaces filled with red bone marrow?
Spongy
What name is given to the formation of bone?
Ossification
Which bone is the only movable one in the skull?
Mandible
The ribs and cranial bones are classified as what type of bone?
Flat
What condition results from a sideways bending of the vertebral column?
Scoliosis
What are the units of structure in compact bone with little space between them?
Osteon/ Haversion system
In a typical long bone, what type of cartilage is the articulate cartilage composed of?
Hyaline
What bones make up the pectoral girdle?
Scapula and cavicle
Yellow bone marrow is located in the ______ of a bone and consists mainly of _____?
Diaphysis, adipose(fat)
What bone disorder occurs when bone destruction outpaces bone formation due to the depletion of calcium?
Osteoporosis
What name is given to the 7 pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum by means of costal cartilage?
True ribs
What name is given to the center of an osteon that carries blood vessels longitudinally through the bone?
Central canal/ Haversion canal
Which bone is the largest, strongest, and heaviest?
Femur
What name is given to the shaft of a bone?
Diaphysis
The bones of the thighs, forearms, and fingers are classified as what type of bone?
Long bones
What are the neck vertebrae called?
Cervical
In an osteon, what name is given to the rings of hard, calcified matrix that surround the central canal?
Concentric lamellae
Name the hole in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
Foramen magnum
Where does bone growth occur in a long bone?
Epiphyseal plate
The nasal bone, maxilla, mandible are part of what group of bones?
Facial
What method of ossification forms most bones?
Endochondral
Cleft palate occurs when what bones fails to unite?
Maxillae
Name the region of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis.
Metaphysics
Which bone located under the jaw does not articulate with any other bone?
Hyoid
Name the scroll-like bones in the nasal cavity whose job it is to filter air before it gets to the lungs.
Conchae
Name the “soft spots” in the cranium of a child that are not completely ossified.
Fontanelles
What name is given to the spaces in compact bone that contain osteocytes?
Lacunae
What type of group of bones does the temporal bone belong?
Cranial
What name is given to the membrane that lines the medullary cavity?
Endosteum
