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Physiology > 2nd Semester Final > Flashcards

2nd Semester Final Flashcards

1
Q

List functions of the limbic system

A

Basic emotions; 1.) Pleasure, plain, anger, fear..

2.) involuntary aspects of survival

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2
Q

The structure that acts as a bridge connecting the spinal cord and medulla to upper portions of the brain

A

Pons

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3
Q

The medulla serves as a conduction pathway for all ascending and descending tracts. What type of impulses are transmitted by its white matter?

A

Motor and sensory

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4
Q

Brain center that regulates the heart and diameter of blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular

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5
Q

Movement of your left hand is initiated by motor neurons that originate in the _______ side of your cerebrum.

A

Right

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6
Q

The outermost layer of the cerebrum

A

Cortex

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7
Q

The outermost layer of the cerebrum is composed of _______ matter

A

Gray

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8
Q

Name some functions of the hypothalamus

A
  1. ) smell
  2. ) Controls nervous system
  3. ) controls pituitary
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9
Q

What type of sensory organs are the gustatory organs

A

Taste

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10
Q

Name the 5 primary taste sensations

A

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, Unami

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11
Q

What is lacking in the blind spot so it has no vision capability

A

Rods and cones

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12
Q

The thin transparent mucous membrane covering the anterior of the eye and lining the eyelids

A

Conjunctiva

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13
Q

The process that adjusts the lens for near vision

A

Accommodation

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14
Q

The colored part of the eye

A

Iris

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15
Q

What receptors work to allow colored vision

A

3 kinds of cones

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16
Q

The equilibrium apparatus concerned with maintaining posture

A

Maculae of vestibule

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17
Q

The structure(s) for dynamic(motion) equilibrium

A

Semicircular canal

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18
Q

The ear structure that converts sound waves into vibrations

A

Tympanic membrane

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19
Q

A disorder caused by fusion of the bones of the middle ear

A

Conduction deafness

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20
Q

A constant ringing in the ears

A

Tinnitus

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21
Q

The structure that help equalize air pressure on the tympanic membrane

A

Eustachian tube

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22
Q

Type of impulses relayed and interpreted by the thalamus

A

Sensory and motor

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23
Q

Name some materials that blood carries

A

Oxygen
Water
Heat
Hormones

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24
Q

List 3 functions of the blood

A

Transportation
Protection
Regulation

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25
Q

Blood is approximately what percent plasma

A

55%

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26
Q

Plasma is composed of about what percent water

A

91.5%

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27
Q

The process of ingesting and destroying bacterial cells

A

Phagocytosis

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28
Q

About how many RBC’s does the average person have per ml of blood

A

4.8 - 5.4 million

29
Q

The blood type gene that is inherited as recessive

A

O

30
Q

Universal donors have blood that is this type

A

O

31
Q

A universal recipient is this blood type

A

AB

32
Q

The antigen protein present on the red blood cell membrane determines this

A

Blood types

33
Q

No one with type B blood can also have these antibodies

A

Anti-B

34
Q

Venous blood (without oxygen) from the body returns to this chamber

A

Right atrium

35
Q

Cardiac muscle is known as

A

Myocardium

36
Q

Chamber with the thickest wall of the heart

A

Left ventricle

37
Q

Explain the concentration of the chambers in the cardiac cycle

A

Atria contract
Ventricle contract
All relax

38
Q

What causes heart murmurs

A

Improperly closing valves

39
Q

The term describing heart chamber contraction is

A

Systole

40
Q

Pulmonary circulation goes from the ____________ to the __________

A

Right atrium

Left ventricle

41
Q

Which circulatory path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

A

Hepatic portal

42
Q

When the left ventricle contracts what term is given to the pressure in the arteries that is generated

A

Systolic

43
Q

Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissues

A

Capillaries

44
Q

Known as exchange vessels

A

Capillaries

45
Q

The backward flow of fluid in veins and lymphatics is prevented by

A

Valves

46
Q

The most important function of the circulatory system is to ____ materials to and from all cells

A

Transport

47
Q

Venous blood returns to the heart due to _____ movements and skeletal muscular contraction

A

Breathing

48
Q

Blood typically flows from the heart first to ____, then to ___, then to _____.

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

49
Q

The force in which blood pushes against arterial walls during ventricular contraction is called ______ blood pressure.

A

Systolic

50
Q

Structurally, lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body

A

Veins

51
Q

The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure

A

Placenta

52
Q

In an overweight person, the factor most likely to increase systemic vessels resistance.

A

Vessel length

53
Q

A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body

A

Antigen

54
Q

List some functions of the lymphatic system

A

Drain interstitial fluid, transport lipids from the gastro intestinal tract to the blood

55
Q

All lymph in the body is eventually returned to the blood in this vessel

A

Subclavian vein

56
Q

Why are lymph nodes important

A

Filter lymph
&
Store lymphocytes

57
Q

In general what vessel can we see through our skin

A

Veins

58
Q

Where are damaged and worn out red blood cells destroyed

A

Spleen

59
Q

The most important function of the large intestine

A

Absorb water

60
Q

Bile and pancreatic fluid act upon foods here

A

Small intestine

61
Q

Place of greatest digestive activity

A

Small intestine

62
Q

Structure that stores bile from the liver

A

Gall bladder

63
Q

Absorption of digested food occurs largely in this organ

A

Small intestine

64
Q

Breaking down food molecules to a size which is easily absorbed

A

Digestion

65
Q

Bile is essential in the digestion of this nutrient

A

Lipids

66
Q

The end product that come from the digestion of fats

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

67
Q

The digestion involves mastication of food by teeth and churning of food by the stomach and small intestine

A

Mechanical

68
Q

Substance that keeps the mouth and pharynx moist, begins the chemical breakdown of food and has ducts as its means of transport

A

Saliva

69
Q

Immature red blood cells

A

Reticulocytes

Physiology (27 decks)

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