2nd Semester Final Flashcards
List functions of the limbic system
Basic emotions; 1.) Pleasure, plain, anger, fear..
2.) involuntary aspects of survival
The structure that acts as a bridge connecting the spinal cord and medulla to upper portions of the brain
Pons
The medulla serves as a conduction pathway for all ascending and descending tracts. What type of impulses are transmitted by its white matter?
Motor and sensory
Brain center that regulates the heart and diameter of blood vessels
Cardiovascular
Movement of your left hand is initiated by motor neurons that originate in the _______ side of your cerebrum.
Right
The outermost layer of the cerebrum
Cortex
The outermost layer of the cerebrum is composed of _______ matter
Gray
Name some functions of the hypothalamus
- ) smell
- ) Controls nervous system
- ) controls pituitary
What type of sensory organs are the gustatory organs
Taste
Name the 5 primary taste sensations
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, Unami
What is lacking in the blind spot so it has no vision capability
Rods and cones
The thin transparent mucous membrane covering the anterior of the eye and lining the eyelids
Conjunctiva
The process that adjusts the lens for near vision
Accommodation
The colored part of the eye
Iris
What receptors work to allow colored vision
3 kinds of cones
The equilibrium apparatus concerned with maintaining posture
Maculae of vestibule
The structure(s) for dynamic(motion) equilibrium
Semicircular canal
The ear structure that converts sound waves into vibrations
Tympanic membrane
A disorder caused by fusion of the bones of the middle ear
Conduction deafness
A constant ringing in the ears
Tinnitus
The structure that help equalize air pressure on the tympanic membrane
Eustachian tube
Type of impulses relayed and interpreted by the thalamus
Sensory and motor
Name some materials that blood carries
Oxygen
Water
Heat
Hormones
List 3 functions of the blood
Transportation
Protection
Regulation
Blood is approximately what percent plasma
55%
Plasma is composed of about what percent water
91.5%
The process of ingesting and destroying bacterial cells
Phagocytosis
About how many RBC’s does the average person have per ml of blood
4.8 - 5.4 million
The blood type gene that is inherited as recessive
O
Universal donors have blood that is this type
O
A universal recipient is this blood type
AB
The antigen protein present on the red blood cell membrane determines this
Blood types
No one with type B blood can also have these antibodies
Anti-B
Venous blood (without oxygen) from the body returns to this chamber
Right atrium
Cardiac muscle is known as
Myocardium
Chamber with the thickest wall of the heart
Left ventricle
Explain the concentration of the chambers in the cardiac cycle
Atria contract
Ventricle contract
All relax
What causes heart murmurs
Improperly closing valves
The term describing heart chamber contraction is
Systole
Pulmonary circulation goes from the ____________ to the __________
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Which circulatory path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
Hepatic portal
When the left ventricle contracts what term is given to the pressure in the arteries that is generated
Systolic
Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissues
Capillaries
Known as exchange vessels
Capillaries
The backward flow of fluid in veins and lymphatics is prevented by
Valves
The most important function of the circulatory system is to ____ materials to and from all cells
Transport
Venous blood returns to the heart due to _____ movements and skeletal muscular contraction
Breathing
Blood typically flows from the heart first to ____, then to ___, then to _____.
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
The force in which blood pushes against arterial walls during ventricular contraction is called ______ blood pressure.
Systolic
Structurally, lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body
Veins
The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure
Placenta
In an overweight person, the factor most likely to increase systemic vessels resistance.
Vessel length
A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body
Antigen
List some functions of the lymphatic system
Drain interstitial fluid, transport lipids from the gastro intestinal tract to the blood
All lymph in the body is eventually returned to the blood in this vessel
Subclavian vein
Why are lymph nodes important
Filter lymph
&
Store lymphocytes
In general what vessel can we see through our skin
Veins
Where are damaged and worn out red blood cells destroyed
Spleen
The most important function of the large intestine
Absorb water
Bile and pancreatic fluid act upon foods here
Small intestine
Place of greatest digestive activity
Small intestine
Structure that stores bile from the liver
Gall bladder
Absorption of digested food occurs largely in this organ
Small intestine
Breaking down food molecules to a size which is easily absorbed
Digestion
Bile is essential in the digestion of this nutrient
Lipids
The end product that come from the digestion of fats
Fatty acids and glycerol
The digestion involves mastication of food by teeth and churning of food by the stomach and small intestine
Mechanical
Substance that keeps the mouth and pharynx moist, begins the chemical breakdown of food and has ducts as its means of transport
Saliva
Immature red blood cells
Reticulocytes
