Chapter 14: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the straw-colored liquid that remains when formed elements are removed from blood?
Plasma
Name the two types of cells whose main function is phagocytic activity?
Neutrophils and monocytes
Name some materials that blood carries
Oxygen, wastes, heat, hormones
List 3 functions of the blood
Transportation, regulation, protection
Blood proteins account for what percent of the plasma?
7%
The most common blood protein?
Albumins
Blood is approximately what % plasma?
55%
Plasma is composed of about what % water?
91.5%
The process of ingesting and destroying bacterial cells
Phagocytosis
An immature red blood cell
Reticulocyte
About how many RBC’s does the average person have per uL of blood
4.8-5.4 million
An inherited defect most common in African Americans that results in red blood cells that are distorted.
Sickle cell disease
Appendicitis or an acute infection will cause a rapid increase in which type of WBC?
Neutrophils
Which leukocytes are agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes and monocytes
Which leukocytes are granular leukocytes?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Which leukocytes develop into cells which produce antibodies?
Lymphocytes
What is the average leukocyte count uL of blood?
5,000-10,000
What is the average number of platelets circulating per uL of blood?
250,000-400,000
Fibrinogen and prothrombin are blood proteins necessary for this purpose?
Blood clotting (coagulation)
In blood clotting, thrombin converts fibrinogen to this substance.
Fibrin
If blood vessel cells are damaged they trigger formation of this enzyme in clotting’s 1st stage
Prothrombinase
What is the process of dissolving small inappropriate clots called?
Fibrinolysis
What is the effect of heparin and coumadin on blood clotting?
Inhibit(slow)
What is the condition that causes the accumulation of fatty substances which cause rough spots on vessel walls?
Atherosclerosis
The blood type gene that is inherited as recessive
O
If your blood agglutinates in the anti-A typing serum but not in the anti-B typing serum, then you have this blood type.
A
If your blood agglutinates in the anti-B typing serum but not in the anti-A typing serum, then you have this blood type
B
If your blood agglutinates in both the anti-A and anti-B typing serum, then you have this blood type.
AB
If your blood does not agglutinate in either of the typing serums, you have this type of blood.
O
Universal donors have blood that is this type
O
A universal recipient is this blood type
AB
The antigen protein present on the red blood cell membrane determines this
Blood type
The test that measures the percentage of red blood cells in a sample of blood
Hematocrit
No one with type B blood can also have these antibodies.
Anti-B
In emergency transfusions one must always consider how the recipients _____ react with the antigens of the donors red blood cells.
Antibodies
Mr. A and Mr. AB have volunteered to give blood to Mr. B, who has type B blood. Mr. A have type A blood and Mr. AB has type AB blood. Which blood could be transfused safely into Mr. B’s bloodstream?
Neither
What proper formed elements of blood do RBC’s have?
- ) Carry Oxygen
- ) Contain hemoglobin
- ) Live about 4 months
- ) Biconcave disk shaped
- ) Make up the greatest blood volume
What proper formed elements of blood do WBC’s have?
- ) Largest cell
- ) Have nuclei
- ) Fight infection
- ) Most live for a few days
- ) May have independent movement
What proper formed elements of blood do Platelets have?
- ) Smallest formed element
- ) Live about 10 days
- ) Important in blood clotting
White blood cell type that increases in # to combat inflammation during allergic reactions
Eosinophils
The second most numerous kind of white blood cell; comes and goes from the blood stream
Lymphocytes
The largest type of white blood cell
Monocyte
WBC that cleans up debris after infections
Monocyte
A plasma protein necessary for antibodies
Globulin
A plasma protein important in maintaining the bloods viscosity
Albumin
Pigment of RBC’s which carries oxygen
Hemoglobin
Protein on the surface of a RBC which can stimulate the formation of antibodies against it
Antigen
Another name for RBC
Erythrocytes
Another name for a WBC
Leukocytes
The clumping together of RBC’s in an incompetent transfusion
Hemolysis
Another name for the clotting of the blood
Coagulation
An increase in the number of leukocytes
Leukocytosis
A decrease in the number of leukocytes
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of erythrocytes
Anemia
“Blood doping” causing an overproduction of red blood cells
Induced polycythemia
A pale yellow fluid similar to plasma but lacks clotting ability
Serum
Movement of a white cell through the capillary wall
Diapedesis
Clotting inside an unbroken vessel
Thrombosis
A blood clot inside a vessel
Thrombus
A moving clot or obstruction in a vessel
Embolus
Cancer of the red bone marrow causing uncontrolled production of white blood cells
Leukemia
Typified by abnormal sickle-shaped RBC’s
Sickle cell disease
Nutrients, hormones, and gasses are carried by this part of the blood
Plasma
The liquid part of the blood
Plasma
Proteins that are located on the blood cells
Antigens
Cells in the red bone marrow that have the ability to develop into many different cells
Pluripotent stem cells
These blood cells may be found out of the blood vessels in the spaces between cells
WBC’s
Amount of blood in the average healthy male
5-6 L
The term for stoppage of bleeding
Hemostasis
Immature RBC’s which contain nucleus
Reticulocytes
Blood Type A What antigens are present? What antibody is present? Can donate blood TO? Can receive blood from?
A
anti-B
A, AB
A, O
Blood type O What antigens are present? What antibody is present? Can donate blood TO? Can receive blood from?
None
Both
All
O
Blood Type AB What antigens are present? What antibody is present? Can donate blood TO? Can receive blood from?
A&B
None
AB
all
Blood Type Rh+ What antigens are present? What antibody is present? Can donate blood TO? Can receive blood from?
Rh+
None
Rh+
Rh+, Rh-
