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Physiology > Chapter 16-17: Blood Vessels and the Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 16-17: Blood Vessels and the Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to the neurons that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic arteries

A

Chemoreceptors

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2
Q

A __1___ blood vessel with a ___2___ diameter would have the greatest resistant to blood flow.

A
  1. Long

2. Small

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3
Q

Pulmonary circulations goes from ___1___ to the ___2__.

A
  1. Right Ventricle

2. Left Atrium

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4
Q

Which blood vessels contain blood with the highest oxygen content

A

Pulmonary Veins

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5
Q

From which major blood vessel do all systemic blood vessels branch?

A

Aorta

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6
Q

Which circulatory route brings blood to tissues and back to the heart?

A

Systemic

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7
Q

Which circulatory path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

A

Hepatic portal

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8
Q

___1___ ____2____ the heart have the lowest blood pressure

A
  1. Veins

2. Closest to

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9
Q

Vascular resistance is primarily due to which factor

A

Friction between blood walls

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10
Q

In fetal circulation which structure connects the fetal pulmonary trunk to the aorta allowing much blood to bypass the lungs

A

Ductus arteriosclerosis

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11
Q

When the left ventricle contracts what term is given to pressure in the arteries that is generated

A

Systolic

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12
Q

Stimulation of the _______ would cause heart rate to decrease

A

Vagus Nerve

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13
Q

In the fetus what is the opening that allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium

A

Foramen Ovale

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14
Q

With aging cardiac muscle fibers ______ in size

A

Decrease

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15
Q

Defenses of the body that are present at birth are referred to as_______ immunity.

A

Innate

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16
Q

The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation because of which organ system that is nonfunctional

A

Respiratory

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17
Q

As blood passes through the inferior and superior Vena Cava to the lungs, it moves through the ___1___ to the ___2___ and out through the ___3___.

A
  1. Right Atrium
  2. Right Ventricle
  3. Pulmonary trunk
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18
Q

Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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19
Q

Vessels with high blood pressure

A

Arteries

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20
Q

Vessels with the fastest flow

A

Arteries

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21
Q

Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissue

A

Capillaries

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22
Q

Vessels that return interstitial fluid to the blood stream

A

Lymphatic vessels

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23
Q

Where is the cardiovascular center located

A

Medulla

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24
Q

Vessels with slowest blood flow

A

Capillaries

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25
Q

Vessels with thick muscle layer

A

Arteries

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26
Q

Vessels with very thin walls; only have a single layer of cells

A

Capillaries

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27
Q

Vessels with the smallest internal diameter

A

Capillaries

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28
Q

Vessels with very thin muscle layer

A

Veins

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29
Q

Vessels that exhibit a pulse

A

Arteries

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30
Q

Vessels that bring blood to almost every cell in the body

A

Capillaries

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31
Q

Known as “exchange vessels”

A

Capillaries

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32
Q

What are cells that migrate to the thymus and when mature are able to attack microbes directly

A

T-Cells

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33
Q

What name is given to blood flow from the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary

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34
Q

Blood pressure is measured by listening for a constricted __________ to “pop” open

A

Artery

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35
Q

The backward flow of fluid in veins and lymphatics is prevented by ___

36
Q

The most important function of the circulatory system is to _____ materials to and from cells

37
Q

Which layer of an artery donations thick smooth muscle

A

Middle layer

38
Q

Venous blood returns to the heart due to _______movements and skeletal muscular contractions

39
Q

Name several blood vessels commonly used to take the pulse

A

Radial, Carotid, brachial, popliteal, dorsal

40
Q

What are the 2 main methods of capillary exchange

A

Filtration and reabsorption

41
Q

Blood pressure is read with a

A

Sphygmomanometer

42
Q

Blood typically flows from the heart first to the __1__, then to __2__, then to __3__.

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Capillaries
  3. Veins
43
Q

What is the structure whose main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue

A

Capillaries

44
Q

The force in which blood pushes against artery walls during ventricular contraction is called ______ blood pressure

45
Q

The hollow center of blood vessels through which blood flows

46
Q

Lymph is very similar to this body fluid

A

Interstitial

47
Q

Structurally lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body

48
Q 
Which blood pressure would be considered normal 
A. 75/105
B. 108/68
C. 75/90
D. 150/100
49
Q

Which type of blood vessel is referred to as a blood reservoir

50
Q

The pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber.

A

Left Atrium

51
Q

The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure

52
Q

Name some factors that that vascular resistance is related to

A

Blood viscosity

blood vessel length and radius

53
Q

At rest most of the blood in the body is contained in these vessels

54
Q

In an overweight person the factor most likely to increase systemic vessel resistance is

A

Vessel length

55
Q

A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body

56
Q

Which receptors are involved in monitoring blood pressure

A

Baroreceptors

57
Q

Blood pressure would increase with a (increase, decrease) in heart rate, (increase, decrease) in vascular resistance, (increase, decrease) in blood volume, (increase, decrease) in water retention.

58
Q 
How would the following affect blood pressure
A. Increased cardiac output 
B. Decreased blood volume 
C. Water retention 
D. Increased vascular resistance 
E. Increase production of epinephrine
A 
A. Increase 
B. Decrease 
C. Increase 
D. Increase 
E. Increase
59
Q

Proteins that are produced by cells which are infected with a virus

A

Interferons

60
Q

Baroreceptors to monitor the pressure of blood going to the brain are located here

A

Carotid artery

61
Q

List some functions of the lymphatic system

A

Drain interstitial fluids

Transport lipids from G.I. to blood

62
Q

All lymph in the body is eventually return to the blood in this vessel

A

Subclavian vein

63
Q

How would the following affect vascular resistance
A. Blood viscosity increases
B. Blood viscosity increase
C. Increased blood vessel diameter
D. Being in arteries compared to capillaries
E. Increasing blood vessel length

A 
A. Increase 
B. Increase
C. Decrease
D. Decrease 
E. Increase
64
Q

Slow resting heart rate

A

Bradycardium

65
Q

Saclike dilation of the artery wall

66
Q

Stretching of walls of veins, especially around valves

A

Varicose veins

67
Q

Information of vein

68
Q

Low oxygen availability

69
Q

Persistently high blood pressure

A

Hypertension

70
Q

Rapid resting heart rate

A

Tachycardia

71
Q

High amount of CO2 in the blood

A

Hypercapnia

72
Q

List some structures involved in the first line of defense against pathogens

A

Skin, mucous membranes, fluids

73
Q

What are symptoms of inflammation

A

Pain, redness, heat

74
Q

When a cell is infected by a virus what may the cell produce to help

A

Interperons

75
Q

Why are lymph nodes important

A

Filter lymph

Store lymphocytes

76
Q

What term is given to the decrease in diameter of a blood vessel due to contraction of the smooth muscle in it walls

A

Vasoconstriction

77
Q

In general what vessels can we see through our skin

78
Q

Mucous membrane would be considered to be a ______ line of defense against pathogens

79
Q

Which lymphatic organ is located posterior to the sternum

80
Q

Name the major components of the lymphatic system

A

Lymph, “vessels, red bone marrow”

81
Q

Which cells produce antibodies

82
Q

Which is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body

83
Q

Which lymphocytes are found in lymph nodes

A

Mature B-Cells

84
Q

Where are damaged and worn-out red bone cells destroyed

85
Q

Where is the cardiovascular center located?

Physiology (27 decks)

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