Chapter 16-17: Blood Vessels and the Lymphatic System

Question 1

What is the name given to the neurons that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic arteries

Answer 1

Chemoreceptors

Question 2

A __1___ blood vessel with a ___2___ diameter would have the greatest resistant to blood flow.

Answer 2

1. Long

2. Small

Question 3

Pulmonary circulations goes from ___1___ to the ___2__.

Answer 3

1. Right Ventricle

2. Left Atrium

Question 4

Which blood vessels contain blood with the highest oxygen content

Answer 4

Pulmonary Veins

Question 5

From which major blood vessel do all systemic blood vessels branch?

Answer 5

Aorta

Question 6

Which circulatory route brings blood to tissues and back to the heart?

Answer 6

Systemic

Question 7

Which circulatory path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 7

Hepatic portal

Question 8

___1___ ____2____ the heart have the lowest blood pressure

Answer 8

1. Veins

2. Closest to

Question 9

Vascular resistance is primarily due to which factor

Answer 9

Friction between blood walls

Question 10

In fetal circulation which structure connects the fetal pulmonary trunk to the aorta allowing much blood to bypass the lungs

Answer 10

Ductus arteriosclerosis

Question 11

When the left ventricle contracts what term is given to pressure in the arteries that is generated

Answer 11

Systolic

Question 12

Stimulation of the _______ would cause heart rate to decrease

Answer 12

Vagus Nerve

Question 13

In the fetus what is the opening that allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium

Answer 13

Foramen Ovale

Question 14

With aging cardiac muscle fibers ______ in size

Answer 14

Decrease

Question 15

Defenses of the body that are present at birth are referred to as_______ immunity.

Answer 15

Innate

Question 16

The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation because of which organ system that is nonfunctional

Answer 16

Respiratory

Question 17

As blood passes through the inferior and superior Vena Cava to the lungs, it moves through the ___1___ to the ___2___ and out through the ___3___.

Answer 17

1. Right Atrium
2. Right Ventricle
3. Pulmonary trunk

Question 18

Carry blood away from the heart

Answer 18

Arteries

Question 19

Vessels with high blood pressure

Answer 19

Arteries

Question 20

Vessels with the fastest flow

Answer 20

Arteries

Question 21

Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissue

Answer 21

Capillaries

Question 22

Vessels that return interstitial fluid to the blood stream

Answer 22

Lymphatic vessels

Question 23

Where is the cardiovascular center located

Answer 23

Medulla

Question 24

Vessels with slowest blood flow

Answer 24

Capillaries

Question 25

Vessels with thick muscle layer

Answer 25

Arteries

Question 26

Vessels with very thin walls; only have a single layer of cells

Answer 26

Capillaries

Question 27

Vessels with the smallest internal diameter

Answer 27

Capillaries

Question 28

Vessels with very thin muscle layer

Answer 28

Veins

Question 29

Vessels that exhibit a pulse

Answer 29

Arteries

Question 30

Vessels that bring blood to almost every cell in the body

Answer 30

Capillaries

Question 31

Known as "exchange vessels"

Answer 31

Capillaries

Question 32

What are cells that migrate to the thymus and when mature are able to attack microbes directly

Answer 32

T-Cells

Question 33

What name is given to blood flow from the heart to the lungs

Answer 33

Pulmonary

Question 34

Blood pressure is measured by listening for a constricted __________ to "pop" open

Answer 34

Artery

Question 35

The backward flow of fluid in veins and lymphatics is prevented by ___

Answer 35

Valves

Question 36

The most important function of the circulatory system is to _____ materials to and from cells

Answer 36

Transport

Question 37

Which layer of an artery donations thick smooth muscle

Answer 37

Middle layer

Question 38

Venous blood returns to the heart due to _______movements and skeletal muscular contractions

Answer 38

Breathing

Question 39

Name several blood vessels commonly used to take the pulse

Answer 39

Radial, Carotid, brachial, popliteal, dorsal

Question 40

What are the 2 main methods of capillary exchange

Answer 40

Filtration and reabsorption

Question 41

Blood pressure is read with a

Answer 41

Sphygmomanometer

Question 42

Blood typically flows from the heart first to the __1__, then to __2__, then to __3__.

Answer 42

1. Arteries 2. Capillaries 3. Veins

Question 43

What is the structure whose main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue

Answer 43

Capillaries

Question 44

The force in which blood pushes against artery walls during ventricular contraction is called ______ blood pressure

Answer 44

Systolic

Question 45

The hollow center of blood vessels through which blood flows

Answer 45

Lumen

Question 46

Lymph is very similar to this body fluid

Answer 46

Interstitial

Question 47

Structurally lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body

Answer 47

Veins

Question 48

``` Which blood pressure would be considered normal A. 75/105 B. 108/68 C. 75/90 D. 150/100 ```

Answer 48

B. 108/68

Question 49

Which type of blood vessel is referred to as a blood reservoir

Answer 49

Veins

Question 50

The pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber.

Answer 50

Left Atrium

Question 51

The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure

Answer 51

Placenta

Question 52

Name some factors that that vascular resistance is related to

Answer 52

Blood viscosity | blood vessel length and radius

Question 53

At rest most of the blood in the body is contained in these vessels

Answer 53

Veins

Question 54

In an overweight person the factor most likely to increase systemic vessel resistance is

Answer 54

Vessel length

Question 55

A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body

Answer 55

Antigen

Question 56

Which receptors are involved in monitoring blood pressure

Answer 56

Baroreceptors

Question 57

Blood pressure would increase with a (increase, decrease) in heart rate, (increase, decrease) in vascular resistance, (increase, decrease) in blood volume, (increase, decrease) in water retention.

Answer 57

All

Question 58

``` How would the following affect blood pressure A. Increased cardiac output B. Decreased blood volume C. Water retention D. Increased vascular resistance E. Increase production of epinephrine ```

Answer 58

``` A. Increase B. Decrease C. Increase D. Increase E. Increase ```

Question 59

Proteins that are produced by cells which are infected with a virus

Answer 59

Interferons

Question 60

Baroreceptors to monitor the pressure of blood going to the brain are located here

Answer 60

Carotid artery

Question 61

List some functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 61

Drain interstitial fluids | Transport lipids from G.I. to blood

Question 62

All lymph in the body is eventually return to the blood in this vessel

Answer 62

Subclavian vein

Question 63

How would the following affect vascular resistance A. Blood viscosity increases B. Blood viscosity increase C. Increased blood vessel diameter D. Being in arteries compared to capillaries E. Increasing blood vessel length

Answer 63

``` A. Increase B. Increase C. Decrease D. Decrease E. Increase ```

Question 64

Slow resting heart rate

Answer 64

Bradycardium

Question 65

Saclike dilation of the artery wall

Answer 65

Aneurism

Question 66

Stretching of walls of veins, especially around valves

Answer 66

Varicose veins

Question 67

Information of vein

Answer 67

Phlebitis

Question 68

Low oxygen availability

Answer 68

Hypoxia

Question 69

Persistently high blood pressure

Answer 69

Hypertension

Question 70

Rapid resting heart rate

Answer 70

Tachycardia

Question 71

High amount of CO2 in the blood

Answer 71

Hypercapnia

Question 72

List some structures involved in the first line of defense against pathogens

Answer 72

Skin, mucous membranes, fluids

Question 73

What are symptoms of inflammation

Answer 73

Pain, redness, heat

Question 74

When a cell is infected by a virus what may the cell produce to help

Answer 74

Interperons

Question 75

Why are lymph nodes important

Answer 75

Filter lymph | Store lymphocytes

Question 76

What term is given to the decrease in diameter of a blood vessel due to contraction of the smooth muscle in it walls

Answer 76

Vasoconstriction

Question 77

In general what vessels can we see through our skin

Answer 77

Veins

Question 78

Mucous membrane would be considered to be a ______ line of defense against pathogens

Answer 78

First

Question 79

Which lymphatic organ is located posterior to the sternum

Answer 79

Thymus

Question 80

Name the major components of the lymphatic system

Answer 80

Lymph, "vessels, red bone marrow"

Question 81

Which cells produce antibodies

Answer 81

B-Cells

Question 82

Which is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body

Answer 82

Spleen

Question 83

Which lymphocytes are found in lymph nodes

Answer 83

Mature B-Cells

Question 84

Where are damaged and worn-out red bone cells destroyed

Answer 84

Spleen

Question 85

Where is the cardiovascular center located?

Answer 85

Medulla