Chapter 15: The Heart Flashcards
This ventricle pumps blood to the lungs
Right ventricle
Arteries and veins arise from this portion of the heart
Base
Scientific name for a heart attack
Myocardial Infarction
The P wave of the electrocardiogram represents this event
Atrial depolarization
The first heart sound (Lubb) is caused by closure of these valves
AV
Name the parts of the pericardium
Fibrous, serous
The outermost layer of the pericardium
Fibrous
The layer of the pericardium that is adjacent to the heart muscle
Visceral
When the atria are in systole the ventricles are in_______?
Dystole
When the ventricles are in systole the AV valve is (open/closed)?
Closed
The main function of the heart valves
Prevent backflow of the blood
The T wave of the ECG indicates this event
Repolarization
Venous blood (without oxygen) returns to this CHAMBER
Right atrium
The coronary arteries take blood to this location
Heart
Hardening of the walls of arteries from smooth muscle proliferation and cholesterol deposit
Atherosclerosis
Condition caused by reduced blood flow to the myocardium
Myocardial ischemia
Irregular heart rhythm
Arrhythmia
Opening in the septum between the atria in a fetus
Foremen ovale
Narrowing of a valve opening by scar tissue
Stenosis
Different areas of the heart beating independently
Fibrillation
Narrowing of the coronary arteries reducing blood flow to the heart; has a number of causes and is the leading cause of death in the US
Coronary artery disease
The term “epicardium” refers to this structure
Outermost layer of the heart wall
Circulation of blood through the heart muscle is supplied by the ___ circulation
Coronary
Cardiac muscle is known as?
Myocardium
Chamber with the thickest wall of the heart
Left ventricle
The heartbeat originates in this mass of tissue
SA node
Structure who’s job is to sequence the ventricular contractions with the atrial contractions
AV node
The electrical conducting system in the outer walls of the ventricles
Perkinde fibers
Location of the S-A node of the heart
Right atrium
The QRS spike represents this event
Ventricular depolarization
The second heart sound (dupp) is caused by this
SL valve closing
Heart rate is monitored and regulated by this structure
Cardiovascular center of medulla
This nerve decreases heart rate
Vagus
The heart speeds up when we stand up quickly due to to receptors here that detect blood pressure changes
Carotid artery
Explain the contractions of the chambers in the cardiac cycle
Atria contract
Ventricle contract
All relax
Coronary arteries branch off from ______
Aorta
The action of ______ causes audible heart sounds
Valves
What causes heart murmurs
Improperly closing valves
The period of relaxation in the cardiac cycle
Diastole
A heart that is stretched just before contraction will contract stronger according to this law
Frank Starling
The contraction phase of the heart
Systole
The “good” chemicals that take cholesterol to the liver are
High density lipids
What causes the semilunar valves to close
Pressure drop
The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle with one contraction of the heart
70mL
The amount of blood ejected by each ventricle each minute
Cardiac output
The term describing heart chamber contraction is _____.
Systole
Name several chemicals which would act to slow heart rate
K+ , Na+
The term describing heart chamber relaxation is ________.
Diastole
Chest pain caused from ischemia
Angina pectoris
Inflammation of the heart covering
Pericarditis
