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United States History > Chapter 6 terms > Flashcards

Chapter 6 terms Flashcards

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0
Q

Committee of Respondence

A
  • under the guidance of Samuel Adams the committee provided information on British threats to liberty to other areas of the colonies
  • in three months 8 new committees had come up in Massachusetts
  • the committees provided not only information but also model of inter colonial cooperation, an important step toward a united political and military response to what British encroachments
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1
Q

Gaspee Incident

A
  • armed British custom ship
  • ran around Providence Road Island
  • the ships captain was not welcome ashore
  • On June 9, local citizens boarded the Gaspee, captured and removed the crew, and burned the ship
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2
Q

The Act of 1773

A
  • the East India company was the most profitable business enterprise in Britian, but they fell on hard times
  • the company was on the verge of bankruptcy and turned to prime minister Lord North
  • Lord North granted a monopoly on the shipment and the sale of English tea in America
  • the tea act set tax on tea in America, and theBritish tea was still cheaper than smuggled Dutch tea
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3
Q

Tea Party

A

-the tea arrived in Boston Harbor on November 28, 1773.
-the patriots tried to get it returned to England
-the patriots were determined the tea would not be unloaded in Boston
-thousands gathered in the old south church
-the patriots leaders made a final attempt to contact governor Hutchinson
-150 men and boys disguised as Mohawk Indians and boarded the Dartmouth and two newly arrived ships
-342 large case of tea were dumped into the harbor
-

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4
Q

Tories

A
  • Pro British colonist

- admitted that the tea party “had been conducted as correctly as a crime could be

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5
Q

Paxton Boys

A
  • A large group of Scot-Irish living in the back country of south central Pennsylvania
  • thought Pennsylvania’s government was not doing enough to protect the people of the colony
  • decided to defend themselves and make a vigilant group
  • they murdered six Conestogas Indians and burned the cabins where the murders happened
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6
Q

Regulators

A
  • residents of North Carolina
  • dissatisfied with the colonies wealth upperclass leaders who they considered to be cruel and corrupt
  • they rebelled against the tyrants of the east and their goal was to set up an honest government and reduce taxes
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7
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

-secret group began in 1765 in reaction to the stamp act
-burned officials in effigy
-tarred and feathered tax collectors, dumped the tea into Boston harbor, and intimidated those who supported the crown
-

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8
Q

Coercive Acts

A
  • four acts
  • intended to punish and subjugate the troublesome colonies
  • the first coercive act was the Boston port act, which closed the harbor in June 1, 1774 until the value of the destroyed tea was reimbursed
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9
Q

Thomas Cage

A

-a general for the British Soldiers and he came to replace Thomas Hutchinson

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10
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

-patriots who refuses to be coerced, hardened opposition and created an unprecedented sense of solidarity against the colonies

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11
Q

The Quebec Act

A
  • was directed at British, Canada and not the 13 colonies
  • it was designed for the needs of French Canadians who loved under British occupation since Quebec became a British possession in 1763.
  • set up a rigid political system and extended the boundaries of Quebec southward to the Ohio River
  • encouraged many believers to join the growing chorus of dissent out of fear of centralized religious authority
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12
Q

Continental Congress

A
  • Thomas Jefferson called a day of fasting and prayer as a show of support of Boston Patriots
  • the royal governor after hearing this dissolved the House
  • the legislators reconvened at a near by tavern where they adopted a resolution for the meeting of continental congress
  • on September 5th representatives from all the colonies except Georgia gathered in Philadelphians carpenters hall
  • inncluded: George Washington, Patric Henry, George Dickinson, John and Samuel Adams
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13
Q

Declaration of American rights

A
  • stated that the colonies must be autonomous or self governing in nearly every respect
  • maintained an alliance with the King but asserted that his actions had to be consistent with American rights
  • they were given the right to raise their own militias
  • the delegates agreed to reconvened the congress in May 1775
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14
Q

Militia

A
  • citizen soldiers, part time fighters who left their farms and businesses to fight in emergencies
  • they remained non-professionals serving only as long as the emergency lasted
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15
Q

Regulars

A
  • full time soldiers who made the military their career

- the continentals were Americas regulars in war, serving as the veteran core of Washington’s army

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16
Q

Minutemen

A
  • special units of militia men

- formed a quick first line of defense in case the red coats invaded the country side

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17
Q

Patrick Henry

A

-rose to address his fellow legislators with powerful words that would soon be confirmed with blood

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18
Q

Paul Revere

A

-spread the alarm to every middle village and farm

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19
Q

Lexington and Concord

A
  • 49 Americans had been killed, and 39 wounded
  • but the British regulars he been hurt badly by farmers
  • not only were 73 red coats killed and 174 wounded, but patriots forces now had them bolted up in Boston
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20
Q

Patriots

A
  • fought for the cause of independence

- more patriots than Tories

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21
Q

Loyalists

A
  • also known as Tories
  • named after the kings party in parliament
  • continued to support the crown
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22
Q

Hessians

A
  • German mercenaries

- used to fill out ranks of the British forces in America

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23
Q

2nd continental congress

A

-formed when the delegates gathered in Philadelphia in May 10, 1775

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24
Q

Fort Ticonderoga

A

-in New York it fell to patriot forces from Vermont known as the green mountain boys under the command of Ethan Allen

25
Q

Ethan Allen

A

-leader of the green mountain boys

26
Q

George Washington

A
  • was asked to take charge of a continental army
  • 43 year old would help link the patriot cause in New England with the rest of the country
  • after the French and Indian war he was looked upon as a hero
  • his greatest strengths were commanding presence, coolness under fire, and keen ability to lead and inspire
  • elected by Continental Congress
27
Q

Bunker Hill

A
  • Occurred on the Charlestown peninsula north of Boston.
  • On June 16, 1775, Patriot forces hastily built fortifications on Bunker Hill
  • The British had won a costly victory, suffering more than a thousand casualties among the two thousand soldiers
28
Q

Henry Knox

A

-order by George Washington to go to Fort Ticonderoga and retrieve the captured British cannons.
-transported fifty-nine pieces of heavy artillery on a wintry, mountainous, three-hundred-mile trek.
-Knox’s cannons arrived in late January 1776
-

29
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

-pledged loyalty to the king and requested his intervention in curbing Parliament’s abusive exercise of power.
-drawn by delegates on July 5, 1775
-George III refused to read it
-

30
Q

Common Sense

A
  • written by Thomas Paine
  • described monarchy as a foolish form of government
  • sales reached half a million copies
31
Q

Thomas Paine

A
  • author of common sense
  • an Englishman who had lived in America little more than a year
  • opposed Christi- anity and advocated a radical form of democracy that John Adams thought dangerous.
32
Q

John Adams

A

-was appointed to draw up a declaration in support of Lee’s resolution

33
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A
  • was appointed to draw up a declaration in support of Lee’s resolution.
  • did most of the work on the draft
34
Q

Declaration of Independence

A
  • listed the grievances that Americans had against the king

- stated universal principles that would shape the character and direction of the emerging nation.

35
Q

William Howe

A
  • General Gage’s replacement

- in July 1776 he landed his forces on Staten Island.

36
Q

Trenton

A
  • On Christmas night of 1776, Washington led his troops across the river against Hessians
  • during this at least two men froze to death
  • the Hessians surrendered
  • Nearly one thousand Hessians were killed or captured, but Washington did not lose a single man.
37
Q

Princeton

A

-the base at which Cornwallis had a thinly defended supply base

38
Q

John Burgoyne

A

-British General
-his plan was to move south down Lake Champlain and through the wilderness of upstate New York, while General Howe would send a force north from New York City up the Hudson River to Albany
-

39
Q

Battle of Brandywine

A

-Occurred on September 11, 1777
-Howe outmaneuvered Washington, and sent a force under General Cornwallis northward to cross the Brandywine at an unprotected ford.
-On October 4 Washington tried to recapture the city but failed
-

40
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

-one of the finest in the Continental army.
-joint commander with Ethan Allen
-captured British-held Fort Ticonderoga
-Congress refused to promote him and this angered him
-In 1779, he secretly offered his services to the British
-plotted to give a fort to the British for £20,000.
-

41
Q

Horatio Gates

A
  • American commander

- took most of the credit for the victories in Saratoga

42
Q

Daniel Morgan

A

-One of Horatio Gates subordinates

43
Q

Saratoga campaign

A
  • was the turning point of the war
  • an entire British invasion force of more than six thousand men been killed or captured
  • France became America’s ally against the British
44
Q

Valley Forge

A
  • Where the American army made its headquarters for the winter of 1777–78
  • at the time the British was controlling Philadelphia
45
Q

Baron von Steuben

A
  • came to Valley Forge in a splendid German uniform to serve as a drillmaster for the Continental army
  • he was a fraud because he was not actually a baron
  • a German who drilled American soldiers
46
Q

Battle of Monmouth

A
  • vindicated von Steuben’s work

- the battle ended in a draw

47
Q

George Rogers Clark

A
  • a native Virginian

- In 1778 he lead an attack on British trading posts north of the Ohio River in the region then known as the Northwest.

48
Q

Vincennes

A
  • A trading post on the Wabash River (what is now Indiana)
49
Q

Siege of Charleston

A
  • late March 1780, Clinton’s forces besieged Charleston
  • General Benjamin Lincoln, gave up the advantage of mobility and heeded the pleadings of Charlestonians to hold the city at all cost.
  • as a result Lincoln lost all of his men
50
Q

Charles Cornwallis

A

-Clinton gave him command of the Carolina conquest
-The Americans sent an expedition of about three thousand Continentals and militia to meet the British advance.
-

51
Q

Camden

A
  • In South Carolina
  • where the American troops were outnumbered and outgeneraled.
  • the American troops led by General Gates broke and ran in the heat of battle
52
Q

Francis Marion

A
  • Nicknamed the “Swamp Fox”
  • Marion and his men would slip out of the swamps and sand flats to attack British outposts and supply lines (guerrilla warfare).
53
Q

Battle of Kings Mountain

A

-strengthened the Patriot’s resolve

54
Q

Nathanael Greene

A
  • took a small army and made it the scourge of Cornwallis’s army
  • first move was to divide his outnumbered army and send a detachment south under General Daniel Morgan.
55
Q

Battle of Cowpens

A

-the first major step toward eventual British defeat.

56
Q

Race to the Dan

A
  • After a difficult two-week march in which British and American soldiers alike fell dead in their tracks from exhaustion and starvation
  • the reason they were so desperate to win was because:
    1. If the Continentals won, the Dan would cut off the British pursuit.
    2. If the Continentals lost, the Americans would rein up in the face of British bayonets.
57
Q

Guilford Court House.

A

-little crossroads in North Carolina

58
Q

Yorktown

A

-The scene of Cornwallis’ humiliating defeat

59
Q

Marquis de Lafayette

A

-Commanded the outnumbered Continental forces in Virginia

60
Q

Surrender of Yorktown

A

-Cornwallis yielded to the inevitable, asking for terms of surrender on October 17, 1781.

61
Q

Treaty of Paris

A
  • signed on September 3, 1783.
  • acknowledged that the colonies were indeed independent.
  • The United States was awarded all the land east of the Mississippi River with the exception of Florida, which returned to Spanish control.

United States History (15 decks)

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