Chapter 1 Facts Flashcards
How did Columbus’s plan for reaching Asia differ from da Gama’s?
Christopher Columbus was going to sail west Neil he reached Asai( not knowing their was land in the way) and Da Gama sailed east from Africa and sailed to India.
Who was responsible for stirring European interest in China before the age of discovery? How did he do so?
Marco Polo, with his descriptive writings and vivid imagery
What technological inventions helped sailors in their explora- tion and discovery of new lands?
Compass, Astrolabe, Caravel
What name was given to the economic system during the age of exploration and colonization whereby colonies were exploited for the benefits and wealth they could bring to the mother country?
Mercantilism
What was Martin Luther’s main disagreement with the Roman Catholic Church?
He believed salvation was a free gift from God obtained by having faith in Jesus Christ’s death and resurrection.
What is a compass?
A device which enabled sailors to know in which direction they were heading.
What is an astrolabe?
A device which enabled them to determine their ship’s latitude on the ocean.
What is a caravel?
A small Portuguese ship similar to a tug boat
What are the two basic assumptions for Mercantilism?
- Mercantilists believed that a nation’s wealth consisted of precious metals, especially gold.
- Mercantilists were nationalists who believed that a country could increase its wealth by increasing its surplus of gold. For one nation to increase its wealth (gold), they thought, another country had to lose it. Mercantilism saw a world of winners and losers.
What did Bartolomeu Dias do?
sailed southward along the west coast of Africa and rounded its southern cape, which he optimistically called Good Hope.
Who reluctantly supported Christopher Columbus?
Queen Isabella
America was named after what man?
Amerigo Vespucci
What did Amerigo Vespucci do?
made at least two voyages to the Caribbean and South America.
True or False:Three years after Magellan’s fleet left Spain, the Victoria reached Seville, and sailed around the World
True
True or False: Only 14 of the original crew of 300 hundred were remained after they sailed the World.
False, it was 18 of the original 300.
What was John Calvin’s belief on every vocation?
He believe every vocation was sacred
What type of people lived in South America?
Incas
What type of people lived in Central America?
Mayas and Aztecs
What type of people lived in North America?
Indians
How do historians believe Indians entered into the Western Hemisphere?
historians think that sometime after the Flood, the ancestors of the American Indians entered the Western Hemisphere there.
What determined the type of house Indians would live in?
It depended on their geographic environment.
What are the similarities between Indians and Europeans?
Indians and Europeans shared great interest in religion, although they had very different beliefs and approaches to it.
What are the similarities between Indian groups?
- similar physical characteristics (ex. Red skin)
- no written languages
- shared deep faith in the supernatural and had common beliefs about religion.
What are the differences between Indians and Europeans?
- The Europeans considered the Indians’ culture primitive.
- Europeans had well spoken and written language, they Indians did not have a written language.
- The Indians were less united than the Europeans.
What are the differences among the Indians?
-the various Indians spoke various language.
What are three basic groups of Indians and where were they located?
- Pueblo were in the Southwest
- Mound Builders were in the Midwest
- Eastern Woodland were in the Northeast
What are characteristics of Pueblo Indians?
- the word pueblo means “town”
- probably the first North American Indians the Spanish explorers met
- farmers who grew corn, squash, and beans
- lived in small villages with up to two or three clans
What are the characteristics of Mound Builder Indians?
- they grew squash, gourds, sunflowers, and even tobacco.
- large food supply sparked population growth
- lived in large dome shaped structures
What are the characteristics of Eastern Woodland Indians?
- Probably the first Indians the English, French, Dutch, and Swedish settlers encountered in the New World.
- women held an unusually degree of power
- contained the Five Civilized Tribes-Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles
What did Hernando Cortez do to the Aztec civilization?
Cortés marched to the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán (modern Mexico City), where he captured Montezuma and eventually crushed the Aztec resistance.
Francisco de Coronado was not successful for finding gold, but what did he discover instead?
One of his parties did discover and explore the Grand Canyon.
What did Juan Ponce de Leon discover?
Florida
What river did Hernando de Soto discover?
Mississippi River
Hat is the difference between the Englishs interest in the New World and Spain’s interest?
Spain wanted to find treasures and the English wanted things like religious freedom.
True or False: In 1586, Philip II began amassing a huge fleet to conquer Protestant England.
True
Who defeated the Spanish Armada?
The sea dogs
Who ruled the sea dogs?
Queen Elizabeth I
What are is the “line of demarcation”?
Pope Alexander VI had divided the world in half, giving Portugal rights to lands east , and giving Spain the lands west of the line.
What were the results of the defeat of the Spanish Armada?
- It secured the future for Protestants in England.
- God was providentially preserving His witness in that country.
- Spelled the end of the Spanish century and the beginning of English dominance on the seas and eventually in North America
Who wrote “A Discourse of Western Planting”?
Walter Raleigh
Who supported both explorations of Roanoke Island?
Walter Raleigh
What European nation first dominated the exploration of the New World?
Spain
What great Indian empire formerly ruled Mexico? What Spaniard is responsible for conquering it?
The Aztec king Montezuma until he was overthrown by Hernando Cortez
Who financed the first two English attempts to settle North America? Where were these settlements located?
Walter Raleigh financed the settlements called Roanoke Island
Which colonial power furthered its control over North America by promising Dutch colonists preservation of life, liberty, and property in return for their surrender?
England
Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 important to the history of European settlement in North America?
The paved the way for England to explore and dominate the New World, and showed God’s Providence.
