Chapter 6 Quiz Questions

Question 1

What critical functions for the body does the skeletal system perform? (5)

Answer 1

1. Supports the body
2. Facilitates movement
3. Protects internal organs
4. Produces blood cells
5. Stores and releases minerals and fat

Question 2

What is the function of the bone matrix?

Answer 2

Reservoir for Ca2+ and Phosphorus.

Question 3

Where are the 4 locations a long bone is found in the body?

HUR + FTF + MP + MP

Answer 3

1. Arms –> Humerus + Ulna + Radius
2. Legs –>Femur + Tibia + Fibula
3. Fingers –> Metacarpals + Phalanges
4. Toes –> Metatarsals + Phalanges

Question 4

What substances make up the intercellular materials of bone?

Answer 4

mineral salts (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate), mainly collagen fibres, and water.

Question 5

What are the 5 types of bones?

Answer 5

1. Long bone
2. Short Bone
3. Flat bone
4. Irregular bone
5. Sesamoid bone

Question 6

What is a Haversian Canal?

Answer 6

A small channel running through the compact bone that carries small blood vessels and nerves.

Also known as a central canal.

Question 7

What are canaliculi?

lacunae + jelly

Answer 7

Minute channels radiating out of the lacunae that contain cytoplasmic projections from the osteocytes.

• Connect osteocytes in the lacunae with each other, and with central canals.

Question 8

What are the three general classes of bone markings?

Answer 8

1. Articulations - (2 bone surfaces come together)
2. Projections - (An area of a bone that projects above the surface of the bone)
3. Holes - (opening or groove in the bone that allows blood vessels and nerves to enter the bone)

Question 9

What are the 4 types of bone cells are found within bone tissue?

Answer 9

1: Osteoblasts
2: Osteocytes
3: Osteogenic Cells
4: Osteoclasts

Question 10

Osteoblasts

Answer 10

The bone cell responsible for forming new bone.
-Found within growing bone portions.
- Do not divide.
- Synthesize and secrete the collagen matrix and calcium salts.

Question 11

Osteocytes

Think of matrix being all around us

Answer 11

The primary cell of mature bone and the most common type of bone cell.

-They maintain the mineral concentration of the matrix via secretion of enzymes.

Question 12

Osteogenic Cells

Answer 12

-Only bone cell that divides.

• Have high mitotic activity
• Differentiate and develop into osteoblasts.

Question 13

Osteoclasts

Answer 13

• The cell responsible for bone resorption, or breakdown.
• Continuously breaking down old bone, while osteoblasts form new bones.

Question 14

Name 2 types of ossification, and give an ex in which each process occurs.

Answer 14

1. Intramembranous ossification (Mandible and flat skull bones)
2. Endochondral Ossification ( Tibia, base of skull, and most bones of body)

Question 15

What are secondary ossification centres?

Answer 15

Places that develop in the epiphyses and lay down spongy bone, infiltrated by blood vessels.

Question 16

What is the name of the structure primarily involved in the increase in the length of long bones?

Answer 16

The Epiphyseal Plate (line)

Question 17

What is bone remodelling?

Answer 17

The constant replacement of old bone with new bone.

Question 18

List the factors required for bone remodelling. (6)

Answer 18

1. Calcium
2. Phosphorous
3. Magnesium
4. Vitamins (A, C, D, B12)
5. Growth hormones
6. Sex hormones

Question 19

Which two hormones regulate Calcium homeostasis?

Answer 19

1. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
2. Calcitonin

Question 20

What are 4 functions of the skeleton?

Answer 20

1. Acts as Ca2+ storage area.
2. Transmits forces to do work.
3. Acts as support for body soft tissue.
4. Acts as protection for internal organs.

Question 21

These cells are unspecialized and derived from mesenchyme, which develop into osteoblasts.
a. Osteoclasts
b. Osteocytes
c. Osteomedullary
d. Osteoprogenitor

Answer 21

d) Osteporogenitor

Question 22

Rings composed of hard, calcified matrix surrounding the Haversian canals are known as:
a. Canaliculi
b. Lacunae
c. Concentric lamellae
d. Trabeculae
e. Volkmann’s canals

Answer 22

c) Concentric Lamellae

Question 23

When an osteoblast becomes isolated in a lacuna, it is transformed into a(n):
a. Macrophage
b. Osteocyte
c. Osteoclast
d. Fibroblast
e. Osteal fibre

Answer 23

b) Osteocyte

Question 24

What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, and to shape the articular surfaces?

Answer 24

Epiphyseal Plate

Question 25

Which of the following contains bone marrow?
a. Bone matrix
b. Epiphyseal cartilage
c. Periosteum
d. Medullary cavity

Answer 25

d) Medullary Cavity

Question 26

Which portion of an endochondral bone is the last to ossify?
a. Cancellous
b. Epiphysis
c. Centre
d. Diaphysis
e. Metaphysi

Answer 26

b) Epiphysis

Question 27

Cells that reabsorb previously deposited bone are known as:
a. Osteoclasts
b. Osteoprogenitor cells
c. Osteocytes
d. Osteoblasts
e. Chondrocytes

Answer 27

a) Osteoclasts