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Anatomy I > Chapter 1: Introduction to the Human Body (Quiz) > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Introduction to the Human Body (Quiz) Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

The scientific study of the body’s structures.

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2
Q

Define Physiology

A

The study of the chem and physics of the structures of the body, and how they come together to carry out specific functions essential for survival

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3
Q

List (Low –> Highest) the levels of organization within the body

SAMOC TOOOB

A

Subatomic Particle –> Atom –> Molecule –> Organelle –> Cell –> Tissue –> Organ –> Organ System –> Organism –> Biosphere

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4
Q

List the first 6 of 12 systems of the human body.

ISM-NEC

A
  1. Integumentary
  2. Skeletal
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
  5. Endocrine
  6. Cardiovascular
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5
Q

List the second half of the body systems.

LRD-UMF

A
  1. Lymphatic
  2. Respiratory
  3. Digestive
  4. Urinary
  5. Male Reproductive
  6. Female Reproductive
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6
Q

List the functions of integumentary system, and its parts

A

Encloses internal body structures + Site of many sensory receptors

Hair + Skin + Nails

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7
Q

List the functions of skeletal system, and its parts

CBJ

A

Supports the body + Enables movement (within muscular system)

Cartilage + Bones + Joints

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8
Q

List functions of the muscular system and its parts

A

Enables movement (With skeletal system) + Helps maintain body temp.

Skeletal Muscles + Tendons

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9
Q

List functions of nervous system and its parts

A

Detects & Processes sensory info + Activates bodily responses.

Brain + Spinal Cord + Peripheral Nerves

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10
Q

List functions of endocrine system and its parts

A

Secretes hormones + Regulates bodily processes.

Pituitary Gland + Thyroid Gland + Pancreas + Adrenal Glands + Testes

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11
Q

List functions of cardiovascular system + its parts.

A

Delivers oxygen to nutrients & tissues + Equalizes temp in body.

Heart + Blood vessels

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12
Q

List functions of lymphatic system + its parts.

A

Regulates fluid to blood + defends against pathogens.

Thymus + Limp Nodes + Spleen + Lymphatic Vessels

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13
Q

List functions of Respiratory System + its parts.

A

Removes CO2 from body + Delivers O2 to blood.

Nasal Passage + Trachea + Lungs

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14
Q

List functions of digestive system + its parts

A

Processes food for use by body + Removes waste from undigested food.

Stomach + Liver + Gall Bladder + large and small intestine

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15
Q

List functions of urinary system + its parts.

A

Controls water balance in body + Removes waste from blood and excretes them.

Kidneys + Urinary Bladder.

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16
Q

List functions of male reproductive system + its parts

A

Produces sex hormones & gametes + Delivers gametes to females.

Epididymis + Testicles

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16
Q

What are the 2 components of metabolism?

A
  1. Anabolism
  2. Catabolism
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17
Q

List functions of female reproductive system + its parts

A

Produces sex hormones and gametes + Support embryo/fetus till birth + Produce milk for infant.

Mammary glands + Ovaries + Uterus

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17
Q

List 6 criteria that distinguish living from non-living things.

MRM GDR

A
  1. Metabolism - all chem rxns of body
  2. Responsiveness - detection of and response to stimuli
  3. Movement - Motion of cells, and body.
  4. Growth - Increase in size and complexity
  5. Differentiation - Specialization of cells.
  6. Reproduction - new cells or new individual.
18
Q

Define Anabolism

A

The process whereby smaller, simpler molecules are combined into larger, more complex substances.

19
Q

Define Catabolism

A

The process by which larger more complex substances are broken down into smaller simpler molecules. This releases energy.

20
Q

What are the 3 basic classes of nutrients?

A
  1. Water
  2. The energy-yielding and body-building nutrients
  3. Micronutrients (Vitamins and Minerals)
21
Q

Define Pressure

A

A force exerted by a substance that is in contact with another substance.

22
Q

Define Anatomic Position

A

The standard reference position that is used to describe locations and directions on the human body.

23
Q

What is Negative Feedback?

A

A mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point.

  • Maintains body parameters within their normal range.
24
Q

What are the 3 basic components of a negative feedback system?

SCE

A
  1. Sensor
  2. Control Centre
  3. Effector
25
Q

What is a sensor?

A

A component that monitors a physiological value.

26
Q

What is a control centre?

A

The component that compares the value to the normal range.

27
Q

What is an effector?

A

The component in a feedback system that causes a change to reverse the situation and return the value to the normal range.

28
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

A mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus.

29
Q

What is the difference between Prone and Supine positions?

A

Prone: Describes a face-down orientation

Supine: Describes a face-up orientation.

30
Q

What are 6 out of the 12 body directions?

APSILM

A
  1. Anterior - front or towards front of body.
  2. Posterior - back or towards back of body.
  3. Superior - above, moving towards head.
  4. Inferior - below, moving away from head
  5. Lateral - Moving away from midline towards side of body.
  6. Medial - Midline or towards middle of body.
31
Q

What are the other 6 body directions?

PDSDIC

A
  1. Proximal - Towards trunk, near origin point.
  2. Distal - Away from the trunk; far away from origin.
  3. Superficial - Closer to body surface.
  4. Deep - Further from body surface.
  5. Ipsilateral - On same side of body
  6. Contralateral - Opposite side of body.
32
Q

What are the 3 planes that the body is divided into?

FTS

A
  1. Frontal (Coronal) - Back + Front
  2. Transverse - Upper + Lower
  3. Sagittal - Left + Right
33
Q

What are the 6 body cavities?

DVCSTA

A
  1. Dorsal (Posterior) Cavity
  2. Ventral (Anterior) Cavity
  3. Cranial Cavity
  4. Spinal Cavity
  5. Thoracic Cavity
  6. Abdominopelvic Cavity
34
Q

Describe the first 3 body cavities

A
  1. Houses brain + Spinal Cord
  2. serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for lungs, pericardial cavity for heart, and peritoneal cavity for abdominal and pelvic organs.
  3. Houses brain
35
Q

Describe the last 3 body cavities

A
  1. houses the spinal cord.
  2. houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea.
  3. houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera.
36
Q

Name the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants.

A
  1. Right Upper Quadrant
  2. Left Upper Quadrant
  3. Right Lower Quadrant
  4. Left Lower Quadrant
37
Q

Name the 9 abdominal regions

A
  1. Right hypochondriac region
  2. Epigastric region
  3. Left hypochondriac region
  4. Right Lumbar Region
  5. Umbilical region
  6. Left lumbar region
  7. Right iliac region
  8. Hypogastric region
  9. Left iliac region
38
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things.

39
Q

Define Symptom

A

A subjective change in function that can’t be determined by an observer.

40
Q

Define Sign

A

A change that can be observed or measured

41
Q

What is differentiation?

A

The change that a cell undergoes from an unspecialized to a specialized state.

42
Q

What are dorsal (posterior) body cavities?

A

The cranial and vertebral.

43
Q

What directional terms describe the relationship of your navel to your right shoulder?

A

Inferior and medial

44
Q

The homeostatic responses of the body are regulated by which two systems?

A

Endocrine + Nervous

Anatomy I (23 decks)

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