Chapter 5 Quiz Questions Flashcards
What structures constitute the integumentary system? (5)
- Skin
- Hair
- Nails
- Glands
- Receptors
What is the epidermis?
The outermost layer of the skin that’s made of 4-5 layers (depending on body location)
What are the 4 layers of epidermis that are considered thin, from deep to superficial?
BSGC
- Stratum Basale (primarily made of basal cells).
- Stratum Spinosum.
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum corneum.
What are the 3 primary layers of skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis (Subcutaneous)
What are the functions of the skin? (6)
- Maintain body temperature
- Protection of internal body parts.
- Sensory perception
- Excretion (Sweat)
- Vitamin D Synthesis
- Immunity
What is a melanocyte, and which layer of skin is it found in?
It is A cell that produces melanin, found in the epidermis.
What does the stratum basale do?
Attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina, and provides cells for the epidermis.
What is the function of the stratum corneum? (2)
- Helps prevent penetration of microbes and dehydration of underlying tissues.
- Provides a mechanical protection against abrasion for the more delicate cells.
Where are the Meissner’s corpuscles located, and what is their function?
They are found in the dermal papillae, and they function as touch receptors.
Describe the structure of the hypodermis.
think of hype
It is a layer of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue that anchors the dermis to the underlying tissues.
What are the main 3 factors that determine the colour of the skin?
Think of kerosene song
- Melanin
- Carotene
- Superficial Blood Vessels
What is albinism?
tyrosinase
A condition characterized by a lack of melanin synthesis. Albinos can’t synthesize the enzyme tyrosinase.
What are dermal papillae?
Think of a peninsula
A finger-like projection found in the superficial portion of the dermis.
- They increase the surface area of the skin, and allow for sensation of light, touch, coolness, warmth, tickling, and itching.
What are 3 main epidermal accessory structures?
- Hair
- Glands
- Nails
What is the function of the arrector pili muscles?
They pull hairs into a vertical position. The contraction of these muscles occurs under stresses of fright, cold, or emotion.
Where do most sebaceous glands release their secretions?
Into the hair follicles.
What parts of the body lack sebaceous glands?
They are absent from the palms and soles.
Where are the apocrine sweat glands located?
Think of urination
In the axilla, pubic region, and areolae of the breast.
What is the function of cerumen?
It prevents the entry of foreign materials deep into the ear.
Name 4 functions of the skin.
- Blood reservoir
- Excretion
- Immunity
- Regulator of body temp.
Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following except:
a. Hairs
b. Glands
c. Sensory nerve endings
d. Nails
c) Sensory Nerve Endings
What does vitamin d production by the skin depend on?
Exposure to UV radiation
The epidermis is an example of which of these epithelial varieties?
a. Simple squamous epithelium
b. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
c. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
d. Transitional epithelium
e. Stratified columnar epithelium
b) Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
What contains no blood vessels?
Epidermis
What layer of the epidermis occurs only in thick skin?
Stratum Lucidum
In Caucasians, the skin appears pink to red, with the red colour coming from what?
Hemoglobin
In the skin, the nerves and blood vessels are found mainly where?
Dermis
Which of the following is not true about hair?
a. The cuticle is the outermost layer of hair.
b. The medulla is the inner part of hair, composed of pigment and air spaces.
c. The hair follicle surrounds the root of a hair.
d. The bulb is an enlarged, layered structure at the base of each hair follicle.
e. All of the above are true.
e) All of the above are true.
True or false: Eccrine sweat glands are more numerous than other types of sweat glands.
True
