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Anatomy I > Chapter 4 Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Define Tissue

A

A group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions.

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2
Q

List the four major types of tissues

ECMN

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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3
Q

What does the first 2 types of tissue do?

A

Epithelial: Protects body and functions in absorption + transport + secretion.

Connective: Serves to hold in place, connect, protect, and integrate body’s organs and systems.

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4
Q

What do the other 2 types of tissue do?

A

Muscle: Capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation. Produces movement.

Nervous: Capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochem signals, between different regions of the body.

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5
Q

Where would you find epithelial tissue? (2)

A
  1. Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs.
  2. Skin surface (Epidermis).
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6
Q

Where would you find connective tissue?

A
  1. Fat and other soft padding tissue
  2. Bone
  3. Tendon
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7
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A
  1. Skeletal (Voluntary) muscle
  2. Smooth muscle
  3. Cardiac muscle
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8
Q

Where can nervous tissue be found?

A
  1. Brain
  2. Spinal Cord
  3. Nerves
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9
Q

What is a Tissue Membrane, and what does it cover? (4)

A

A thin layer or sheet of cells.

  1. Outside of the body
  2. Organs
  3. Internal passageways that lead to exterior of body
  4. Lining of the moveable joint cavities.
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10
Q

What are two types of Tissue membrane and what do they do?

A

Connective Tissue Membrane: encapsulates organs and lines movable joints.

Epithelial Membrane: Epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue.

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11
Q

What does the mucous membrane do?

A

Line the body cavities and hollow passageways that open to external environment.

  • Includes digestive + respiratory + excretory + reproductive tracts.
  • Mucus covers the epithelial layer
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12
Q

What do serous membranes do?

A

Line the coelomic cavities of the body, (The cavities that do not open to the outside).

  • Serous fluid lubricates the membrane and reduces abrasion and friction between organs.
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13
Q

What do the 4 serous membranes cover?

A
  1. Two (Pleura) cover the lungs
  2. 1 (Pericardium) covers the heart.
  3. 1 (Peritoneum) covers the abdominal organs.
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14
Q

What develops from the ectoderm? (3)

A
  1. Epithelia lining the skin
  2. Parts of the mouth and nose
  3. Anus
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15
Q

What develops from the endoderm? (2)

breathing + bathroom

A
  1. Cells lining the airways
  2. Cells lining most of the digestive system
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16
Q

What develops from the mesoderm?

L+C systems from Ch.1

A

The epithelium that lines vessels in the lymphatic and cardiovascular system.

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17
Q

What is a cell junction?

A

Point of cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue.

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18
Q

What 3 basic types of connections allow varying degrees of interaction between epithelia cells?

TAG

A
  1. Tight junctions
  2. Anchoring junctions
  3. Gap junctions
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19
Q

describe the 3 types of connections between epithelia cells

A

Tight Junction: Forms an impermeable barrier between cells.

Anchoring Junction: Mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other, or to the basement membrane.

Gap Junction: Allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells.

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20
Q

What are the simple epithelium?

A
  1. Simple Squamous
  2. Simple Cuboidal
  3. Simple Columnar
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21
Q

What are the functions of Simple Squamous epithelium? Where are they found?

A

Allow materials to pass through via diffusion and filtration.
Also secretes lubricating substance.

Found in Air sacs of lungs + Lining of the heart + blood vessels + lymphatic vessels.

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22
Q

What do simple cuboidal do? Where are they located?

A

Secretes and absorbs molecules.

Found in Ducts and secretory portions of small glands + kidney tubules

23
Q

What do simple columnar do? Where are they located?

A

Forms lining of some sections of digestive system + parts of female reproductive + Secretes mucus + enzymes.

Found in Larger bronchioles + Uterine tubes + Uterus + Digestive Tract + Bladder.

24
Q

What are the 3 different stratified Epithelium?

A
  1. Stratified Squamous
  2. Stratified Cuboidal
    3.Stratified Columnar
25
Q

What are functions of each stratified eptihelium?

A

Squamous: Protects against abrasion.

Cuboidal: Acts as a protective tissue.

Columnar: Secretes mucus + Protects

26
Q

What is the location of each type of stratified epithelium?

A

Squamous: Line esophagus + Mouth + Vagina

Cuboidal: Sweat glands + Salivary glands + Mammary glands

Columnar: Male and Female urethrae + ducts of some glands.

27
Q

What is the function of the glandular epithelium?

A

It is modified to synthesize and secrete different chemical substances.

28
Q

Describe the structure of the basement membrane.

A

A thin layer of fibrous material that anchors epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue (basal lamina)

29
Q

The surface of an epithelial cell closest to the basement membrane is what?

A

The basal surface.

30
Q

What is the function of the transitional epithelium?

A

To allow for the stretching of the epithelium without tearing.

31
Q

What are the major differences between the exocrine and endocrine glands?

A

Exocrine: Secrete substances through ducts that open to skin or internal surfaces that lead outside the body.

Endocrine: Release chem signals into intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to target organs by blood.

32
Q

Name 4 types of different tissues throughout the body.

A
  1. Adipose
  2. Dense regular Connective Tissue
  3. Elastic Connective Tissue
  4. Hyaline Cartilage
33
Q

Where are each of them located?

A
  1. Adipose –> Under the skin
  2. Dense Regular Connective Tissue –> Tendons + ligaments
  3. Elastic Connective –> Arterial walls + trachea + lungs.
  4. Hyaline Cartilage –> Nose + Larynx + Ends of long bones
34
Q

What do each of them do?

A

Adipose: Energy reserve, support and protection.

Dense Regular Connective: Attachment

Elastic Connective: Allows stretching.

Hyaline: Allows flexibility and support, reduces friction, absorbs shock at all joints.

35
Q

What is the unique feature of cartilage as a type of connective tissue?

A

It lacks blood vessels and nerves.

36
Q

List 3 functions of the bone.

A
  1. Provides protection to internal organs.
  2. Helps shape the body
  3. Helps support and move the body.
37
Q

Blood is a liquid connective tissue. The fluid portion is called ___, and the formed element portion is made of 3 cell types: ___ ___ and ___

A

Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leucocytes
Thrombocytes

38
Q

What 2 components make up an epithelial membrane?

A

Epithelial Tissue + Connective Tissue

39
Q

What is the principal difference between mucous and serous membranes?

A

Mucous: Lines up the body cavities and hollow passageways that open to external environment.

Serous: Line cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body.

40
Q

List 3 types of muscle tissue and state whether they are under voluntary or involuntary control.

A
  1. Skeletal (Voluntary)
  2. Cardiac (Involuntary)
  3. Smooth (Involuntary)
41
Q

What are the 2 principal cell types that make up nerve tissue?

A
  1. Neuron
  2. Neoroglia
42
Q

The serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity is called the ___, whereas the membrane lining the cavity containing the heart is called the ___

A

Pleura, Pericardium.

43
Q

How many layers of cells are present in pseudostratified epithelium?

A

1

44
Q

If a tissue has elastic, collagenous, and reticular fibres in an unorganized arrangement, the tissue could be:

A

Areolar Connective Tissue

45
Q

Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of what?

A

Dense regular fibrous connective tissue

46
Q

What is true concerning cartilage?

A

Except for the cartilage in the perichondrium, cartilage has no blood vessels or nerves.

47
Q

Osteocytes are associated with what?

A

Bone

48
Q

What are functions of osseous tissue?

A
  1. Houses blood-forming tissue
  2. Protection
  3. Support
  4. Storage
49
Q

What is NOT a function of osseous tissue?

A

Transportation of blood gases.

50
Q

Which of the following statements is true concerning the serous membrane?

a. A serous membrane lines a part of the body that opens directly to the exterior.

b. The parietal portion of a serous membrane attaches to the organs inside body cavities.

c. The visceral portion of a serous membrane attaches to a body cavity wall.

d. The serous membrane covering the heart is known as the peritoneum.

e. The serous membrane covering the lungs is known as the pleura.

A

d) The serous membrane covering the heart is known as the peritoneum.

51
Q

The linings of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts are composed of what?

A

Mucous membranes

52
Q

The solids of blood include what?

MNPE

A
  1. Monocytes
  2. Neutrophils
  3. Platelets
  4. Erythrocytes
53
Q
A

Anatomy I (23 decks)

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