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Anatomy I > Chapter 10 Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the 4 properties of muscle tissue that enable it to function

A
  1. Excitability
  2. Contractility
  3. Extensibility
  4. Elasticity
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2
Q

Identify the 3 muscle tissue types, and characterize each in terms of striated/nonstriated and voluntary/involuntary

A
  1. Skeletal (Striated, voluntary)
  2. Cardiac (Striated, involuntary)
  3. Smooth (Nonstriated, involuntary)
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3
Q

The entire muscle is wrapped in what?

A

Epimysium

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4
Q

What is the perimysium?

Think of a pair

A

Connective tissue that bundles skeletal muscle fibres into fascicles within a skeletal muscle.

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5
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

The specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibres, which stores + releases + retrieves Ca(2+) ions.

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6
Q

What proteins make up the thin myofilaments of muscle?

A
  1. Actin
  2. Troponin
  3. Tropomyosin
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7
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

The actual group of muscle fibers in a muscle innervated by a single motor neuron.
- Size of a motor unit varies, depending on the nature of the muscle.

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8
Q

What is the definition of thin filament?

A

Thin strands of actin and its troponin-tropomyosin complex projecting from z-discs towards the centre of the sarcomere.

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9
Q

What is the definition of thick element?

A

The thick myosin strands and their multiple heads projecting from the centre of the sarcomere towards, but not all the way to, z-discs.

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10
Q

Describe the events that occur at a neuromuscular junction, and which result in the contraction of skeletal muscle.

A

A nerve impulse causes a release of acetylcholine that diffuses across the synaptic cleft.

Acetylcholine receptors on muscle fibre bind acetylcholine and generate a muscle action potential.

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11
Q

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?

A

It destroys the acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft to allow for the transfer of a subsequent stimulus

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12
Q

What two molecules are stored by muscles for use in ATP synthesis?

A
  1. Glycogen
  2. Creatine Phosphate (Phosphocreatine)
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13
Q

What is the latent period of a muscle twitch?

A

The period of time between the stimulus and a muscle fibre contraction.

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14
Q

Distinguish between isotonic and isometric contractions.

A

Isotonic: Muscle contraction that occurs with no change in muscle length.
- 2 types –> Concentric + Eccentric

Isometric: A muscle contraction that occurs with no charge in the muscle length.
- Involve sarcomere shortening and increasing muscle tension, no load moved.

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15
Q

Describe fast glycolytic fibres.

A

They are fibres that have small amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria, and poor capillary supply. They get their ATP from anaerobic metabolism, contract rapidly, and tire quickly.

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16
Q

What is the role of gap junctions between the cardiac muscle fibres?

A

Allow for the rapid passage of the stimulus for contraction from one cardiac muscle fibre to the next.

17
Q

List four histologic differences between skeletal and smooth muscle cells:

A
  1. Filaments not orderly arranged.
  2. Intermediate filaments in smooth muscle
  3. No T tubules in smooth muscle
  4. Scanty SR in smooth muscle
18
Q

What is meant by the term oxygen debt?

A

The amount of oxygen needed to compensate for ATP produced without oxygen during muscle contraction.

19
Q

What is oxygen required for? (3)

A
  1. Restore ATP and creatine phosphate levels.
  2. Convert lactic acid to pyruvic acid
  3. Convert lactic acid into glucose or glycogen in the liver.
20
Q

What are concentric contractions?

A

Muscle contraction that shortens the muscles to move a load.
Ex: Bicep curls

21
Q

What are Eccentric concentrations?

A

Muscle contraction that lengthens the muscle as the tension is diminished.

Ex: Hand weight lowered in a slow and controlled manner.
- Tension released from biceps brachii.

22
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

Sustained, small contractions give a firmness to a relaxed skeletal muscle that is known as muscle tone.

23
Q

The entire muscle is wrapped in what?

A

The epimysium

24
Q

Which of the following is not a principal characteristic of muscle?
a. Contractility
b. Elasticity
c. Excitability
d. Extensibility
e. Stability

A

e) Stability

25
Q

The darker area within a sarcomere, which includes an H zone in the centre, is called a(n):

A

a) A band

26
Q

Which regulatory protein blocks the attachment of myosin cross-bridges to actin?

A

Tropomyosin

27
Q

In relaxed muscle fibre, which structure stores calcium?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

28
Q

Creatine phosphate provides enough energy for muscles to contract maximally for about ________ seconds.

A

15 seconds

29
Q

The oxygen consumed during the “pay back” period of oxygen debt is used for all the following, except to:
a. Convert increased CO2 into O2 for storage.

b. Convert lactic acid back to glycogen.

c. Resynthesize creatine phosphate and ATP.

d. Replace the oxygen removed from myoglobin.

A

a) Convert increased CO2 into O2 for storage

30
Q

Calcium is actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum during which period of a myogram’s record of a twitch (muscle) contraction?

A

Relaxation period

31
Q

Sustained, wavering contraction is called what?

A

Unfused tetanus

32
Q

Which of the following is true about fast glycolytic (FG) skeletal muscle fibres?
a. These fibres have a high myoglobin content.

b. These fibres have a high mitochondria count and many blood capillaries.

c. Generally, these fibres are the smallest in diameter.

d. These fibres are characteristically low on glycogen.

e. These fibres fatigue easily.

A

e) The fibres fatigue easily

33
Q

Which of the following is true about smooth muscle?
Question 28Select one:

a.
Like skeletal muscle, smooth muscle tissue is usually voluntary.

b.
Skeletal muscle fibres are considerably smaller than smooth muscle fibres.

c.
The two kinds of smooth muscle tissue are visceral and parietal.

d.
Smooth muscle can both shorten and stretch to a greater extent than striated muscle.

e.
Transverse tubules are generally present in smooth muscle.

A

d) Smooth muscle can both shorten and stretch to a greater extent than striated muscle.

34
Q

Which type of muscle has striations, a single nucleus, intercalated discs, sarcomeres, transverse tubules, and gap junctions between fibres?

A

Cardiac muscle

Anatomy I (23 decks)

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