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Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) > Chapter 6: Momentum (From Lecture Slide) > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Momentum (From Lecture Slide) Flashcards

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1
Q

Momentum (Definition)

A

1) Property of moving things
2) More specifically, mass of an object multiplied by its velocity

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2
Q

Momentum (Formula)

A

Mass x Velocity (Vector quantity: p = mv)

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3
Q

Why does p stand for momentum?

A

It really stands for impetus, which is from the Latin impellere from im + pellere

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4
Q

Pellere meant to

A

“Push forcefully, im- was a prefix meaning “Inner”.

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5
Q

Impellere meant

A

Pushing with an inner source of energy

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6
Q

A moving boulder has more momentum than

A

A stone rolling at the same speed

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7
Q

A faster boulder has more momentum than

A

A slow boulder with the same mass

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8
Q

A boulder at rest, has

A

No momentum

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9
Q

A moving object can have a large momentum if:

A

1) Mass is large
2) Velocity is large
3) Or both!

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10
Q

Momentum is directly proportional to

A

Mass and Velocity

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11
Q

An object at rest has

A

Zero momentum

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12
Q

A moving object has all

A

1) Momentum
2) Energy
3) Speed

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13
Q

When the speed of an object is doubled, its momentum

A

Doubles

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14
Q

Which vehicle has a greater momentum? A truck at rest or a man walking 3 mph.

A

The man

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15
Q

Which vehicle has a smaller momentum? A 2000 kg car moving at 30 m/s or a 4000 kg light truck moving at 15 m/s.

A

They have the same momentum

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16
Q

Momentum can change by changing

A

1) Mass (usually does not change)
2) Velocity (most often changes)
3) Or both!

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17
Q

Impulse

A

Changing velocity means acceleration occurs

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18
Q

What produces acceleration?

A

Net force

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19
Q

Net force

A

Acceleration, change in velocity, and change in momentum

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20
Q

Increase net force equals to

A

Increase change in momentum

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21
Q

Impulse is time also important for

A

Changing momentum

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22
Q

How long does the force act?

A

Case A: Unpadded wall-immediate smack
Case B: Paddled wall-cushion absorbs impact

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23
Q

Case A: Unpadded wall-immediate smack

A

Greater force over shorter time

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24
Q

Case B: Paddled wall-cushion absorbs impact

A

Lesser force over a longer time

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25
Q

Both force and time are important in

A

Changing momentum

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26
Q

The product of force and time is

A

The impulse

27
Q

Impulse (Formula)

A

Force x time interval

28
Q

A moving object experiences impulse only if

A

A force acts on it and changes its momentum

29
Q

An object traveling at constant speed has

A

No net forces acting on it (dynamic equilibrium)

30
Q

Does it have momentum? Yes

A

It is p = mv

31
Q

Is there an impulse imparted on the object? Why?

A

No, net force to change momentum

32
Q

The greater the impulse exerted on an object,

A

The greater its change in momentum

33
Q

Impulse and change in momentum are always linked (3 cases)

A

Case 1: Increasing momentum
Case 2: Decreasing momentum over a long time
Case 3: Decreasing momentum over a short time

34
Q

Case 1: Increasing momentum

A

1) Apply the greatest force for as long as possible
2) Increasing the time of contact

35
Q

Forces involved in impulse vary from

A

Instant to instant

36
Q

Only concerned with the average force

A

1) Not instantaneous
2) Defined over some velocity and time interval

37
Q

Average force

A

Defined over same velocity and time interval

38
Q

A cannonball shot from a cannon with a long barrel will emerge with greater speed because

A

The cannonball receives a greater (Impulse)

39
Q

Case 2: Decreasing momentum over a long time

A

When a car is out of control,it is better to hit a haystack than a concreate wall = both have the initial speed and come to rest

40
Q

When landing after a jump, gradually bending your knees increases the time your momentum decreases,

A

Reducing the force exerted on you by the ground

41
Q

Increasing time equal to

A

Small force

42
Q

A fast moving car hitting a haystack or hitting a cement wall produces vastly different results

A

They are both experiences the same change in momentum and the same impulse

43
Q

Case 3: Decreasing momentum over a short time

A

A short time interval produces a large force (Rise into the punch: Decrease time = large force)

44
Q

Time of contact is

A

Brief and force of impact is huge

45
Q

Impulses are generally greater when

A

The objects is bounce

46
Q

Catching a falling item with your hands

A

You provide the impulse to reduce its momentum is zero

47
Q

If you quickly throw the item up again, you provide an additional

A

Impulse

48
Q

Double impulse occurs when something

A

Bounces

49
Q

Pelton wheel designed with curve-shaped paddles to cause incoming water to make a U-turn upon impact or bounce

A

Produces a large impulse that turns the wheel

50
Q

Conservation of momentum (Newton’s 2nd Law)

A

To accelerate an object, we apply to a net force

51
Q

To change the momentum of an object,

A

Exert an impulse on it (Impulse-momentum theorem)

52
Q

Only an external impulse to a system can

A

Change the momentum of the system

53
Q

If no external force is present, then

A

No change in momentum is possible…Momentum is conserved!

54
Q

External net force applied by apple on orange

A

Acceleration exists

55
Q

No external net force, force are internal and cancel

A

Acceleration does not exist

56
Q

If no net force or net impulse acts on a system,

A

The momentum of that system cannot change

57
Q

When momentum, or any quantity in physics,

A

Does not change we says it conserved

58
Q

Law of Conservation of Momentum

A

In the absences of an external force, the momentum of a systme remains unchanged

59
Q

Collision is

A

The absence of external forces

60
Q

Net momentum before collision equals

A

Net momentum after collision and momentum is conserved

61
Q

Two types of collisions

A

Elastic and Inelastic

62
Q

1) Elastic Collision

A

Occurs when colliding objects rebound without lasting deformation or any generation of heat

63
Q

2) Inelastic Collision

A

Occurs when colliding object result in deformation and/or the generation of heat

Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) (23 decks)

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