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Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) > Chapter 19: Vibrations and Waves > Flashcards

Chapter 19: Vibrations and Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

A vibration is

A

A periodic wiggle in time

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2
Q

A periodic wiggle in both space and time is

A

A wave

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3
Q

A wave extends from

A

One place to another

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4
Q

Light is

A

An electromagnetic wave that needs no medium

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5
Q

Sound is

A

A mechanical wave that needs a medium

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6
Q

If we suspends a stone at the end of a piece of string, we have a

A

Simple pendulum

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7
Q

The period of the pendulum depends only on the

A

Length of the pendulum

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8
Q

The longer the length of a pendulum, the longer the

A

Period

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9
Q

Just as the higher you drop a ball, the longer it takes to

A

Reach the ground

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10
Q

A wave is pictorially represented by a

A

Sine curve

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11
Q

A sine curve is

A

Obtained when you trace out the path of a vibrating pendulum over time

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12
Q

When a bob vibrates up and down, a marking pen traces out a sine curve on the paper that

A

Moves horizontally at constant speed

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13
Q

Vibration and wave characteristics

A

1) Crest
2) Troughs

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14
Q

Crest

A

High points of the wave

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15
Q

Troughs

A

Low points of the wave

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16
Q

Amplitude

A

Distance from the midpoint to the crest or to the trough

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17
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next crest, or distance between successive identical parts of the wave

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18
Q

How frequently a vibration occurs is called the

A

Frequency

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19
Q

The unit for frequency is

A

Hertz (Hz) after Heinrich Hertz

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20
Q

A frequency of 1 Hz is

A

A vibration that occurs once each second

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21
Q

Short wavelength

A

High frequency and high energy

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22
Q

Long wavelength

A

Low frequency and low energy

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23
Q

Frequency

A

1) Specifies the number of to and fro vibration in a given time
2) Number of waves passing any point per second

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24
Q

Period is

A

Time to complete one vibration and inversely proportional to frequency

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25
Q

Wave motion

A

Waves transport energy and not matter

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26
Q

Two common types of waves

A

1) Longitudinal wave
2) Transverse wave

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27
Q

Two differences wave because of

A

The direction the medium vibrates compared with the direction of travel

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28
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

Medium vibrates parallel to direction of energy transfer

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29
Q

Backward and forward movement consist of

A

1) Compression (wave compressed)
2) Rarefractions (stretched region between compressions)

30
Q

Transverse wave

A

Medium vibrates perpendicularly to direction of energy transfer up and down movement

31
Q

The distance between adjacent peaks in the direction of travel for a transverse wave is its

A

Wavelength

32
Q

The vibrations along a transverse wave move in a direction

A

Perpendicular to the wave

33
Q

The wavelength of a longitudinal wave is the distance between

A

Successive compressions and rarefactions

34
Q

Wave speed describes

A

How fast a disturbance moves through a medium

35
Q

Wave speed related to

A

Frequency, period, and wavelength of a wave

36
Q

Wave interference occurs when

A

Two or more waves interact with each other because they occur in the same place at the same time

37
Q

Superposition principle: The displacement due the interference of wave is

A

Determined by adding the disturbances produced by each wave

38
Q

Constructive interference

A

1) Crest of one wave overlaps the crest of another
2) Individual effects add together to produce a wave of increased amplitude

39
Q

Destructive interference

A

1) Crest of one wave overlaps the trough of another
2) High part of one wave fills the low part of another
3) Individual effects are reduced or even canceled out

40
Q

Superposition principle amplitude were

A

Adding and subtracting

41
Q

Interference pattern made when

A

Two vibrating objects touch the surface of water

42
Q

Regions where a crest of one wave overlaps the trough of

A

Another produce regions of zero amplitude

43
Q

Point along these regions, wave arrive

A

Out of phase with each other

44
Q

Sound wave - louder sound is the result of the

A

Principle of resonance

45
Q

Resonance is caused by the fact that the sound waves reflected from

A

The closed end of the tube return to the top and reinforce the waves from the tuning fork and constructive interference

46
Q

The wave interference tie a rope to a wall and shake the free

A

End up and down to produce a train of waves

47
Q

Wave are reflected back

A

Along the rope

48
Q

By shaking the rope just right, we can cause the incident and reflected waves to form a

A

Standing waves - combination of two waves moving in opposite directions

49
Q

Nodes

A

Regions of minimal or zero displacement with minimal or zero energy

50
Q

Antinodes

A

Regions of maximum displacement and maximum energy

51
Q

Antinodes and nodes occur

A

Equally apart from each other

52
Q

Doopler effect

A

Change in frequency due to motion of the source

53
Q

If observer or source moves toward each other, wave frequency is

A

Increasing

54
Q

If observer or source moves away from each other, wave frequency is

A

Decreasing

55
Q

Higher and lower frequency were equally to

A

Higher and lower pitch sound

56
Q

Light blue shift

A

Increase in light frequency toward the blue end of the visible spectrum

57
Q

Light red shift

A

Decrease in light frequency toward the red end of the visible spectrum

58
Q

The star and planet orbit their

A

Center of mass

59
Q

Spectral lines move toward the red as the start travels

A

Away from us

60
Q

Spectral lines move toward the blue as the start travels

A

Toward to us

61
Q

Wave barrier: wave superimpose directly on top of

A

One another producing a wall

62
Q

Supersonic

A

Aircraft flying faster than the speed of sound

63
Q

Bow wave

A

V-shaped form of overlapping waves when object travels faster than wave speed

64
Q

An increase in speed will produce a narrower V-shape of

A

Overlapping waves

65
Q

Shock wave

A

Pattern of overlapping spheres that form a cone from objects traveling faster than the speed of sound

66
Q

Shock waves consists of two cones

A

1) A high-pressure cone
2) A low-pressure cone

67
Q

A high pressure cone generated at the bow of the

A

Supersonic aircraft

68
Q

A low pressure cone that follows toward (or at) the tail of

A

The craft

69
Q

Sonic boom sharp cracking sound generated by

A

A supersonic aircraft

70
Q

Sonic boom intensity due to

A

Overpressure and under pressure of atmospheric pressure between the two cones of the shock waves

Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) (23 decks)

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