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Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) > Chapter 16: Heat Transfer > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Heat Transfer Flashcards

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1
Q

Object in thermal contact at different temperature tend to reach a common temperature in three ways

A

1) Convection
2) Conduction
3) Radiation

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2
Q

1) Convection

A

The transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion

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3
Q

2) Conduction

A

The transfer of heat or electric current from one substance to another by direct contact

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4
Q

3) Radiation

A

Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles

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5
Q

Conduction (2nd)

A

Transfer of internal energy by electron and molecular collisions within a substance, especially a solids

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6
Q

Conduction occurs when two objects of different temperatures come in

A

Direct contact with each other

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7
Q

Heat is transferred from the high temperature object toward the low temperature object from

A

The collisions between the particles at the contact area of the objects

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8
Q

Collisions continues to transfer energy until the temperature of the two objects are

A

Identical

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9
Q

A blacksmith heating up a sword in hot coals, and the heat

A

Transferring up through the metal

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10
Q

A lizard sunbathing on a warm rock to

A

Raise their body temperature

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11
Q

Swiftly are transfer

A

Heat

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12
Q

Metals are excellent conductors tend to

A

Have more free electrons ready to transfer energy via collisions

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13
Q

Fluids tend to be

A

Poor conductors

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14
Q

Poor conductors are

A

Great insulators

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15
Q

Insulators tightly held electrons

A

Vibrate in place and transfer energy slowly

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16
Q

Insulators impede the transfer of

A

Heat

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17
Q

Insulators wool, paper, feathers, and snow are

A

Great insulators they trap air

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18
Q

Air are both

A

1) Poor Conductor
2) Good Insulator

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19
Q

The rate of heat flow from the hot air to your relatively cool hand is

A

Low

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20
Q

Insulation does not prevent the flow of

A

Internal energy

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21
Q

Insulation slow the rate at which

A

Internal energy flows

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22
Q

Rock wool or fiberglass between walls slows the transfer of internal energy from a warm house to

A

A cool exterior in winter, and the reverse in summer

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23
Q

Snow patterns on the roof of a house shows areas of

A

Conduction and insulation

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24
Q

Bare patches show where heat from inside has leaked through the

A

Roof and melted the snow

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25
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat involving only bulk motion of fluids

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26
Q

Convection occurs when heat is transferred from

A

The movement of heated fluids (liquids and gases)

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27
Q

Convection heated fluids expand and become

A

Less dense

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28
Q

Lower density fluid rises while the higher density fluid sinks resulting in the formation of

A

Convection currents

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29
Q

Convection currents allow the heat to be

A

Spread throughout the fluid

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30
Q

Warm air rises expands, becomes less dense, and is

A

Buoyed upward (Archimedes)

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31
Q

It rises and cools until its density

A

Equals that of the surrounding air

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32
Q

Convection cooling by

A

Expansion that opposite to the warming that occurs when air is compressed

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33
Q

A combination of air expansion and mixing with

A

Cooler surrounding air

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34
Q

Although warm air rises, why are mountaintops colder and snow covered, while the valleys below are relatively warm and green?

A

1) Warm air cools when rising
2) There is a thick insulating blanket of air above the valley
Both of the answers

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35
Q

Winds result of

A

Unevent heating of the air near the ground

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36
Q

Wind’s absorption of Sun energy occurs more readily on

A

Different parts of Earth’s surface

37
Q

Sea breeze

A

The ground warms more than water in the daytime

38
Q

Warm air close to the ground rises and is replaced by

A

Cooler air from above the water

39
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of energy from the Sun through empty space

40
Q

Radiation occurs when electromagnetic waves are

A

Transmitted from an origin to the space surrounding it

41
Q

Unlike with conduction and convection and it does not rely upon any contact between

A

The heat source and the heated object

42
Q

All objects carry energy in the form of

A

Electromagnetic waves and the hotter the object, the more it radiates

43
Q

Radiant energy emitted by

A

All bodies, transferred through space

44
Q

Radiant energy exists as

A

Electromagnetic waves ranging from long (radio waves) to short wavelengths (X-ray/Gamma)

45
Q

Radiant energy includes visible light, ranging from

A

Longer waves (red) to shorter waves (violet)

46
Q

Wavelength of radiation related to frequency of

A

Vibration of an electromagnetic wave

47
Q

Wavelength of radiation are

A

Inversely proportional

48
Q

Low frequency vibration implies

A

Long wavelength waves

49
Q

High frequency vibration implies

A

Short wavelength waves

50
Q

Frequency of radiation is

A

Proportional to the absolute temperature of the source

51
Q

If an object is hot enough, some of the radiant energy it emits is

A

In the range of visible light

52
Q

Every object above absolute zero radiates: Sun produces solar radiation including

A

Visible light

53
Q

Earth produces terrestrial radiation in the form of

A

Infrared waves

54
Q

Frequencies beneath the threshold for our eyes to

A

Detect as visible light

55
Q

The surface of Earth loses energy to outer space due mostly to

A

Radiation

56
Q

Range of temperature of radiating objects

A

1) Room temperature emission is in the infrared (20 to 22 degrees Celcius)
2) Temperature above (500 degrees Celcius), red light emitted, longest waves visible
3) About (600 degrees Celcius), yellow light emitted
4) At (1500 degrees Celcius), object emits white light whole range of visible light

57
Q

The colors of stars

A

Hottest (Blue, blue white), and Mid (Yellow), and (Orange, Red) for Coldest

58
Q

Why body glows with electromagnetic waves?

A

Sun and the Earth

59
Q

The absorption of radiant energy occurs along with

A

Emission of radiant energy

60
Q

Any material that absorbs more than it emits is

A

A net absorber

61
Q

Any material that emits more than it absorb is

A

A net emitter

62
Q

Net absorption or emission is

A

Relative to temperature of surroundings

63
Q

Good absorbers are

A

Good emitters

64
Q

Poor absorbers are

A

Poor emitters

65
Q

If a good absorber of radiant energy were a poor emitter, its temperature compared with

A

Its surroundings would be higher

66
Q

A hot pizza placed in a snow is

A

A net emitters

67
Q

Reflection of radiant energy this is a opposite to

A

Absorption of radiant energy

68
Q

Any surface that reflects very little or no radiant energy

A

“Looks” dark

69
Q

Radiation openings appear black because

A

1) Light that enters them is reflected on the inside walls many times
2) Partly absorbed at each reflection are good absorbers

70
Q

Good reflectors are

A

Poor absorbers

71
Q

A black object readily

A

Absorbs visible light

72
Q

Newton’s Law of Cooling were the rate of cooling is

A

Approximately proportional to the temperature difference and heat between the object and its surrounding

73
Q

Newton’s Law of Cooling also applies to

A

Rate of warming

74
Q

An object cooler than its surroundings warm up at

A

A rate proportional to heat proportional

75
Q

Frozen food will warm faster in

A

A warm room than in a cold room (defrosting)

76
Q

The Greenhouse effect named after a similar temperature raising effect in

A

Florists greenhouse

77
Q

Short wavelength radiation from the Sun is

A

Transmitted through the glass

78
Q

Long wavelength reradiated energy is

A

Not transmitted out through the glass and is trapped inside

79
Q

All things radiate at frequencies (and therefore wavelengths) determined by

A

The temperature of the emitting object

80
Q

Things (such as glass) can be transparent to some wavelengths but

A

Opaque or reflective to others

81
Q

Sun’s rays are very short and pass through

A

The car’s windows

82
Q

Absorption of Sun’s energy

A

Warms the car interior

83
Q

Car interior radiates its own waves, which are longer and do not transmit through

A

The window

84
Q

Car’s radiated energy remains inside, making the car’s interior

A

Very warm

85
Q

Global warming: Energy is absorbed from

A

The sun and partly reradiated by Earth as longer wavelength terrestrial radiation

86
Q

Global warming: Terrestrial radiation is absorbed by

A

Atmospheric gases and re-emitted as long wavelength terrestrial radiation back to Earth

87
Q

Global warming: Reradiated energy unable to

A

Escape, so warming of Earth occurs

88
Q

The greenhouse gases that contribute to

A

Global warmings absorb more infrared radiation than visible

Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) (23 decks)

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