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Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) > Chapter 15: Temperature, Heat and Expansion > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Temperature, Heat and Expansion Flashcards

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1
Q

Temperature

A

A quantity/number that corresponds to the warmth of an object

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2
Q

Temperature related to the random motions of

A

Atoms and molecules in a substance

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3
Q

Temperature measured by a

A

Thermometer

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4
Q

Temperature have no

A

Upper limit

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5
Q

Temperature definite limit on

A

Lower end

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6
Q

Temperature is proportional to

A

The average translational kinetic energy per particle in a substance

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7
Q

High temperature of an object is equal to higher

A

Average kinetic energy of its particle

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8
Q

Solid particles were

A

Vibrate and jiggle in place

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9
Q

Liquid particles were

A

Slide and jiggle past one another

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10
Q

Gas particle bounce

A

Back and forth

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11
Q

Liquid thermometer

A

Measures temperature by expansion or contraction of a liquid

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12
Q

Liquid thermometer usually have

A

Mercury or colored alcohol and having high boiling points and high coefficients of expansion

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13
Q

Temperature reading occurs when the thermometer and the object reach

A

Thermal equilibrium

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14
Q

Temperature equal temperature number no more

A

Heat flow and same average kinetic energy per particle

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15
Q

Infrared thermometers operate by

A

Sensing IR radiation and use lens to focus IR light from object to a detector

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16
Q

Temperature Scales

A

1) Celsius Scale
2) Fahrenheit Scale
3) Kelvin Scale

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17
Q

1) Celsius Scale

A

0 degree for freezing point of water to 100 degrees for boiling point of water

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18
Q

2) Fahrenheit Scale

A

32 degrees for freezing point and 212 degrees for boiling point

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19
Q

3) Kelvin Scale

A

1) Measured in K, not degrees
2) 273 K for freezing point and 373 for boiling point
3) 0 at absolute zero temperature at which there is no energy left to give up or transfer to another substance

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20
Q

There is twice as much molecular kinetic energy in 2 liters of boiling water as in 1 litter of boiling water. Which will be the same for both?

A

A. Temperature

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21
Q

Heat

A

Energy transferred from one object to another due to a temperature difference

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22
Q

Heat direction and flow of energy transfer is

A

Always from a warmer object to a neighboring cooler object

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23
Q

Touch a hot stove, energy transfer from the stove to

A

The hand

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24
Q

Touch a piece of ice, energy transfer from the hand to

A

Ice

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25
Q

Work done by friction goes into

A

Heating an object called this: “Thermal energy” to make clear its link to heat and temperature

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26
Q

Refer to thermal energy as

A

Internal energy (U) and the grand total of all the energies inside a substance

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27
Q

Translational, rotational, and vibrational energy of molecules that make up a

A

Substance

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28
Q

A substance does not contain heat, it contains

A

Internal energy

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29
Q

If a red hot thumbtack is immersed in warm water and the direction of heat flow will be from the

A

Red-hot thumbtack to the warm water

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30
Q

Heat (quantity of heat) measured in

A

Joules (J) and Calories (J/C degrees), and 4.18 joules of heat are required to change the temperature of 1g of water by 1 Celsius degree

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31
Q

Heat energy ratings of food are determined by

A

Energy released when burned

32
Q

Heat sample of food is placed in

A

Insulated, oxygen-filled chamber, and surrounded by water

33
Q

Heat sample burned

A

Completely and heat from burning increases temperature of the water

34
Q

Heat temperature is measured and indicated the number of

A

Calories in the food

35
Q

The same quantity of heat is added to different amounts of water in two equal size containers. Assume the initial temperature is the same. The temperature of the smaller amount of water.

A

Increases more

36
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass of the substance by 1 degree Celsius

37
Q

Specific heat capacity is the same for thermal inertia

A

The tendency of something to resist changes in the temperature

38
Q

The greater the specific heat capacity of a substance, the more energy it takes to change its

A

Temperature

39
Q

Specific heat capacity if given different substances will have

A

Different thermal capacities for storing energy

40
Q

Equal masses of different materials require different quantities of heat to

A

Change their temperatures by a given amount

41
Q

1 g of water 1 calorie to raise temperature

A

1 degrees Celsius

42
Q

1 g of iron requires 1/8 as much energy for the same

A

Temperature increase

43
Q

Water absorbs more heat than iron for the same change in

A

Temperature

44
Q

Water has a

A

Higher specific heat

45
Q

Water molecules have

A

Strong intermolecular bonds so it takes a significant amount of energy to separate them

46
Q

Strong intermolecular bonds equal to

A

Strong attraction

47
Q

Which has the higher specific heat capacity, water or land?

A

Water

48
Q

The high specific heat capacity of water application of

A

High capacity for water and sea breeze

49
Q

Formation of sea breeze (air layer above land is)

A

Warmer, less dense, and creates a low pressure system above land

50
Q

Formation of sea breeze (air layer above water is)

A

Cooler, denser, and creates a high pressure system above water

51
Q

Pressure difference causes

A

Cool air above water (at high pressure) to flow above land (at lower pressure) - Sea Breeze

52
Q

Formation of land breeze (air layer above land is)

A

Cooler, denser, and creates a high pressure system above land

53
Q

Formation of land breeze (air later above water is)

A

Warmer, less dense, and creates a low pressure system above water

53
Q

Pressure difference causes

A

Cool air above land (at high pressure) to flow above water (at lower pressure) - Land Breeze

54
Q

Liquid cooling is

A

A highly effective method of removing excess heat from CPUs

54
Q

Liquids allow the transfer of more heat from the parts being cooled than air, making liquid cooling suitable for

A

High performance computer applications

55
Q

Thermal expansion

A

Increasing the temperature of a substance increases the motion of molecules and jiggle faster and move farther apart

56
Q

Most substances expand when heated and contract when

A

Cooled

57
Q

Warming metal lids on glass jar under hot water loosens the lid by

A

Expansion

58
Q

Thermal expansion/contraction plays a role in

A

Construction and devices

59
Q

Use of reinforcing steel with the same rate of expansion as

A

Concreate expansion joints on bridges

60
Q

Gaps on concrete roadways and sidewalks allow for

A

Concrete expansion in the summer and contraction in the winter

61
Q

Bimetallic strips

A

Two strips of different metals welded together

62
Q

Bimetallic strips are used in

A

Heater, oven thermometers, refrigerators, and electric toasters

63
Q

Brass expands more when heated than iron does and contracts more when

A

Cooled and because of it, the strip bends

64
Q

Water expands when heated (like most substances) and it does not

A

Expand in the range between 0 degree and 4 degrees

65
Q

When water become ice, it is

A

Expand

66
Q

Ice has open-structured crystals resulting from strong bonds at certain angles that increase its

A

Volume and this make ice less dense than liquid water

67
Q

As temperature of water at 0 degrees increases, two opposite processes occur

A

Contraction and expansion

68
Q

Ice crystals collapse plus heating of liquid water molecules were affecting the contracting and collapsing on

A

Dominates until the temperature reaches 4 degrees Celsius

69
Q

Expansion overrides contraction because most of the ice crystals have

A

Melted into water

70
Q

Between 0 degree and 4 degrees Celsius, the volume of liquid water decreases as the temperature

A

Increases

71
Q

Above 4 degrees Celsius, water behaves the way other substances do; Its volume increases as its temperature

A

Increases

72
Q

When ice freezes to become solid ice, its volume increases tremendously about what percent?

A

9%

73
Q

Density of ice at any temperature is much lower than the density of water, this is why the ice was

A

Float in water

74
Q

When sample of 0 degree water is heated, its first

A

Contracts

75
Q

When a sample of 4 degrees water is cooled, it is

A

Expand

Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) (23 decks)

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