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Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) > Chapter 22: Electrostatics > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Electrostatics Flashcards

1
Q

Electricity is the name given to a wide range of electrical phenomena such as:

A

1) Lightning
2) Spark when we strike a match
3) What holds atoms together

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2
Q

Electrostatics involves electric charges

A

1) The forces between them
2) The aura that surrounds them
3) Their behavior in materials

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3
Q

Central rule of electricity

A

Opposite charges attract one another, like charges repel

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4
Q

An electric charge is

A

The quantity of unbalanced electricity with symbols of q or Q

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5
Q

Electric charges have three difference characteristics includes:

A

1) Protons (+e)
2) Electrons (-e)
3) Neutrons (-/+e)

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6
Q

Protons (+e), particles with

A

Positive electric charge, and repel positives but attract negatives

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7
Q

Electron (-e) was the

A

Negative electric charges and repel negatives, but attract positives

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8
Q

Neutral (+/- e) was the

A

Neutral electric charge

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9
Q

Atom charged nucleus surrounded by

A

Negatively charged electrons

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10
Q

Every electron in any atom has the same

A

Charge and mass

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11
Q

Protons and neutrons compose the nucleus

A

1) 1800 times more massive than electrons
2) Proton carries amount of positive charge equal to the negative charge of electrons
3) Neutral have slightly more mass than protons and no net charge

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12
Q

Atoms usually have as many electrons as

A

Protons so the atom has zero net charge

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13
Q

Positive ions (cation)

A

Atom losing one or more electrons has positive net charge

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14
Q

Negative ions (anion)

A

Atom againing one or more electrons has negative net charge

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15
Q

Innermost attracted very strongly to

A

Oppositively charged atomic nucleus

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16
Q

Outermost attracted loosely and can be

A

Easily dislodged

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17
Q

When rubbing a comb through your hair, electrons transfer from

A

Your hair to the comb

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18
Q

Your hair has a deficiency of electrons

A

Positively charged

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19
Q

When rubbing a glass rod with silk, electrons transfer from

A

The rod onto the silk and the rod becomes positively charged

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20
Q

When you brush your hair and scrape electrons from the comb, the charge of your hair is

A

Negative, because if the electrons were scraped off your hair onto the brush, your hair would have a positive charge

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21
Q

Conservation of energy, in any charging process, no electrons are

A

Created or destroyed

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22
Q

Electrons are simply transferred from

A

One material to another

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23
Q

Conductors share the

A

Charged

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24
Q

Coulomb’s law (Newton’s Law of gravitation): Relationship among electrical force, charge, and distance discovered by

A

Charles Coulomb in the 18th century

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25
Q

For a pair of charged objects that are much smaller than the distance between them, the force between them varies

A

Directly as the product of their charges, and inversely as the square of the separation distance

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26
Q

If the charges are alike in sign, the force is

A

Repelling

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27
Q

If the charges have opposite sign, the force is

A

Attractive

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28
Q

According to Coulomb’s law, a pair of particles that are placed twice as far apart will experience forces that are

A

One quarter as strong

29
Q

Difference between gravitational and electrical forces

A

1) Gravitational forces (weak) are only attractive
2) Electrical forces (strong) may be either attractive or repulsive

30
Q

Conductors: Material in which one or more of the electrons in the outer shell of its atoms are not anchored to

A

The nuclei of particular atoms but are free to wander in the material

31
Q

Insulators: Materials in which electrons are tightly bound and belong to particular atoms and are not free to

A

Wander about among other atoms in the material, preventing them from flowing

32
Q

Conduction charged by

A

Friction and contract

33
Q

Electrons transfer from

A

One material to another via touch

34
Q

When a negatively charged rod is placed in contact with a neutral object, some electrons will

A

Move to the neutral object

35
Q

If you bring a charged object near a conducting surface, electrons are made to:

A

Move in the surface material, even without physical contact

36
Q

Negative charge at the bottom of the cloud induces a

A

Positive charge on the building belows

37
Q

An electron buzzing around the atomic nucleus produces

A

An electron cloud

38
Q

The center of the negative cloud normally coincides with

A

The center of the positive nucleus in an atom

39
Q

When an external negative charge is brought nearby to the right, the electron cloud is

A

Distorted so that the centers of negative and positive charge no longer coincide and the atom is now electrically polarized

40
Q

If the rod has negative charge, then the positive parts of the atoms or molecules are

A

Tugged toward the rod, and the negative parts are pushed away from the rod

41
Q

The relative orientations of the positive and negative parts of the atoms or molecules align, and the materials becomes

A

Electrically polarized

42
Q

Rub an inflated balloon on your hair, and it becomes

A

Charged

43
Q

Place the balloon against the wall, and it

A

Stick and this is because the charge on the balloon induces an opposite surface charge on the wall

44
Q

Many molecules (H20) for example are

A

Electrically polarized in their normal states

45
Q

The distribution of electric charge is

A

Not perfectly even there is a little more negative charge on one side of the molecule than the other such molecules are said to be “electric dipoles”

46
Q

The electric fields fill the space surrounding an

A

Electric charge (an energetic aura)

47
Q

The electric field is a

A

Vector (has a magnitude and a direction)

48
Q

The electric field is mediates the electric force felt by

A

Other particles

49
Q

The electric field has unit of force per charge like:

A

Newton per coulomb

50
Q

The electric field has a magnitude which diminishes as

A

The inverse square of the distance from the particle creating the field

51
Q

Analogous to gravitational field

A

Gravitational and electrical forces

52
Q

A gravitational force holds the satellite in

A

Orbit about the planet

53
Q

An electric force holds the electron in orbit about

A

The proton and in both case, there is no contact between the bodies (force fields)

54
Q

Positive charge has an E-field pointing radially

A

Outward

55
Q

Negative charge has an E-field pointing radially

A

Inward

56
Q

The force felt by a particle in an electrical field is in the direction of the field for

A

A positive charge and opposite the field direction for a negative charge

57
Q

Electric potential energy (Units: Joules): Energy possessed by a charged particle due to its

A

Location in an electric field

58
Q

Work is required to push a charged particle against

A

The electric field of a charged body

59
Q

The spring has more mechanical PE when

A

Compressed

60
Q

The charged particle similarly has more EPE when pushed closer to

A

The charged sphere

61
Q

The increased PE is the result of

A

Work input

62
Q

Electric potential (voltage) possessed by

A

A charge particle due to its location

63
Q

Electric potential voltage may be called

A

Voltage potential energy per charge

64
Q

High voltage can induce low electric potential energy for a

A

Small amount of charge

65
Q

High voltage induces high electric potential energy for

A

Lots of charge

66
Q

A common laboratory device for producing high voltages and creating static electricity is

A

The Van de Graaff generator

67
Q

The base of the generator has a

A

Voltage source, a motor driven roller and metal points

68
Q

The electric field inside the metal sphere is

A

Always zero, so the charges that leak off the belt are not repelled by the charge stored on the outside of the sphere

Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) (23 decks)

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