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Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) > Chapter 23: Electric Current > Flashcards

Chapter 23: Electric Current Flashcards

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1
Q

When there is a potential (voltage) difference charge flows from

A

One end to the other analogous to water flowing from higher pressure to lower pressure

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2
Q

Flow of charges occur will both potentials and pressures are

A

Equal

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3
Q

To obtain a continuous flow of charge in a conductor: A certain arrangement is required to

A

Maintain a potential (voltage) difference while the charge flows from one end to another a battery is an example of such a device

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4
Q

A continous flow is possible if the difference in water pressure is

A

Maintained with the use of a pump

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5
Q

A pump maintains the difference in

A

Water level and hence the difference in water pressures

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6
Q

Electric current flow of charged particles in

A

Metal wires

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7
Q

Conduction electrons are charge carriers that

A

Freely move throughout an underlying fixed atomic lattice

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8
Q

Protons are bound within the nuclei of

A

Lattice atoms and do not flow

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9
Q

Electron current is a rate of electric flow measured in

A

Ampere (1 coulomb per second)

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10
Q

Speed of electrons (drift speed) through a wire is slow because of

A

Continuous bumping of electrons in wire

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11
Q

Voltage sources charges flow only when they are

A

“Pushed” or “driven”

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12
Q

A continuous current needs a pumping device to provide a difference in

A

Electrical potential like a voltage

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13
Q

Electrons in conductor flow from

A

Lower potential (-) to higher potential (+) inside a conducting material

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14
Q

A battery or generator can maintain a

A

Steady flow of charge

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15
Q

Batteries and electric generators do work to

A

Pull negative charges away from positive ones

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16
Q

Work is done by

A

Chemical disintegration of zinc or lead in an acid

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17
Q

Energy stored in chemical bonds within the battery is converted to

A

Electric potential energy

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18
Q

Current in a circuit depends on

A

Voltage and electrical resistance are measured in ohms

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19
Q

Resistor

A

1) Circuit elements that regulate current inside electrical devices
2) Circuit symbol for resistance in an electric circuit

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20
Q

Factors affecting electrical resistance

A

1) Inversely proportional to cross-sectional area
2) Directly proportional to length
3) Temperature
4) Material (resitively)

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21
Q

Inversely proportional to cross-sectional area

A

Thin wires, more resistance than thick wire

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22
Q

Directly proportional to length doubling the

A

Length and the resistance

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23
Q

Material (resitively): like rubber is much more

A

Resistance than copper of the same size

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24
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

The current is a circuit varies in direct proportion to the potential difference, or voltage, and inversely with the resistance

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25
Q

For a constant resistance, current will be

A

Twice as much for twice the voltage

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26
Q

For twice the resistance and twice the voltage, current will be

A

Unchanged

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27
Q

When you double the voltage in a simple electric circuit, you double the

A

Current

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28
Q

Electric shock: Damanging effects of shock result from

A

Current passing through the body

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29
Q

Electric potential differences between

A

One part of your body and another part depends on body condition and resistance which can range from (100 ohms to 500,000 ohms)

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30
Q

Does the bird feel a shock?

A

No, each claw is at the same voltage

31
Q

Cannot feel the current produced by what volt?

A

12 to 24 volts just barely tingles

32
Q

Direct current (dc)

A

1) Flow in one direction only
2) Electrons always move from the negative terminal toward the positive terminal

33
Q

Alternating current (ac)

A

1) Current alternatively flows in one direction and then in the opposite direction repeating peiodically
2) This is accomplished by alternating the polarity of voltage at the generator or other voltage source

34
Q

Household current is AC, current in a battery operated device such as

A

A laptop is DC

35
Q

AC to DC conversion uses a

A

Diode: an electronic device that acts as a one-way valve to allow current flow in one direction only

36
Q

Diode circuit symbol: As the symbol suggests, current flows in

A

The direction of the arrow but not in the reverse direction

37
Q

When we flip the light switch on a wall and the circuit, an electric field is

A

Established inside the conductor

38
Q

The electrons continues their random motions while simultaneously being

A

Nudged by the electric field

39
Q

An E is established through the wires at nearly the

A

Speed of light

40
Q

It is not the electrons that move at this speed, it is the

A

Electric field that can travel through a circuit at nearly the speed of light

41
Q

If the voltage source is dc, like the battery, electric field lines are

A

Maintained in one direction in the conductor

42
Q

Conduction electrons are accelerated by

A

The field in a direction parallel to the field lines

43
Q

Before they gain appreciable speed, they “bump into” the anchored metallic ions in their paths and transfer some of their

A

Kinetic energy to them

44
Q

Collision interrupt the motion of the electrons, so the speed at which they migrate along a wire is

A

Extremely low

45
Q

This net flow of electrons is the

A

Drift velocity

46
Q

At this rate, it would take about 3 hours for an electron to travel through

A

1 meter of wire

47
Q

Conventional current

A

Flow of positive charges from high potential (+) to low potential (-)

48
Q

Electron current

A

Flow of negative charges from low potential (-) to high potential (+)

49
Q

Electric power

A

Rate at which electric energy is converted into another form is electric power

50
Q

The brightness of incandescent lightbulbs can be judged by their

A

Power of a 100 W bulb glows brighter than a 60 W bulb

51
Q

Incandescent bulbs dissipate most of their energy in the form of

A

Heat not light, so they are not energy efficient

52
Q

Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) are a type of fluorescent lamp that fits into

A

A standard lightbulb socket

53
Q

For the same wattage, CFLs emit much more

A

Light and much less heat than incandescent bulbs

54
Q

Another light source even more long-lasting (and efficient) is

A

The light emitting diode (LED)

55
Q

Between CFLs and LEDs, common use incandescent bulbs will soon be

A

History

56
Q

An electric circuit is

A

A path involving wires and electric components through which electric current flows

57
Q

A circuit must be complete (or closed) to allow current to

A

Flow continuously

58
Q

Circuit elements are usually connected in either two ways

A

1) Series connection
2) Parallel connection

59
Q

Series connection forms a

A

Single pathway for electron flow between the terminals of the battery, generator, or wall outlet

60
Q

Parallel connection forms a

A

Branches each of which is a separate path for the flow of electrons

61
Q

Electric current flows through a

A

Single pathway

62
Q

For a resistor circuit, the total resistance is

A

The sum of individual resistance

63
Q

Current is equal to the voltage supplied by the source divided by

A

The total resistance of the circuit

64
Q

The sum of the voltages across the resistance of each individual device is equal to

A

The total voltages supplied by the source

65
Q

The voltage drop across each device is proportional to

A

Its resistance

66
Q

If one component fails current in the

A

Entire circuit ceases

67
Q

Voltage is the

A

Same across each device

68
Q

The amount of current in each branch is

A

Inversely proportional to the resistance of the branch

69
Q

The total current in the circuit equals the

A

Sum of the currents in its parallel branches

70
Q

As the number of parallel branches

A

Increases, the overall resistance of the circuit decreases

71
Q

A break in one path does not

A

Interrupt the flow of charge in the other paths

72
Q

When two identical lamps in a circuit are connected in parallel, the total resistance is

A

Less than the resistance of each lamp

73
Q

Consider a lamp powered by a battery. Charges flow through both

A

The battery and the lamp

Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) (23 decks)

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