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Anatomy & Physiology 101 > Chapter 6 - Integumentary System - Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Integumentary System - Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Accessory structures of the skin originate from the epidermis and include…

A

Nails, hair follicles, and skin glands

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2
Q

Each nail consists of a…

A

Nail plate and a nail bed`

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3
Q

The whitish half-moon area is called the…

A

Lunula

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4
Q

Lunula is the most active ____ of the nail…

A

Growth region

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5
Q

Nails grow from epithelial cells that…

A

Divide and become keratinized

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6
Q

At any time, 90% of hair is in the ____ phase.

A

Growth

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7
Q

Each hair develops from a group of epidermal cells at the base of a tubelike depression called a…

A

Hair follicle

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8
Q

The hair follicle extends from the surface into the dermis and contains the…

A

Hair root

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9
Q

The hair root is the portion of hair that is…

A

Embedded in the skin

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10
Q

A hair is composed of dead…

A

Epidermal cells

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11
Q

Genes determine hair colors by directing the type and amount of ____ that epidermal melanocytes produce.

A

Pigment

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12
Q

Androgenetic alopecia is also known as…

A

Pattern baldness

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13
Q

Muscle that attaches to each hair follicle, causes hair to stand up when cold or nervous…

A

Arrector pili muscle

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14
Q

Contain groups of specialized epithelial cells and are usually associate with hair follicles…

A

Sebaceous glands

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15
Q

Sebaceous glands release sebum and are known as…

A

Holocrine glands

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16
Q

Helps keep hairs soft, pliable, and smooth…

A

Sebum

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17
Q

Each of this gland consists of a tiny tube that originates as a ball-shaped coil in the deeper dermis or superficial subcutaneous layer.

A

Sweat gland

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18
Q

The most numerous sweat glands are called…

A

Eccrine glands

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19
Q

Eccrine glands respond to…

A

Body temperature

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20
Q

Sweat is mostly water, but it also contains small amounts of salts and wastes such as…

A

Urea and uric acid

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21
Q

Sweating is also a…

A

Secretory function

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22
Q

Sweat glands that develop a scent as skin bacteria metabolize them are called…

A

Apocrine glands

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23
Q

Apocrine sweat glands become active at puberty and can wet certain areas of the skin when a person is…

A

Emotionally upset, frightened, or in pain

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24
Q

Blackheads and whiteheads are collectively known as…

A

Comedones

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25
Q

Heat is a product of…

A

Cellular metabolism

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26
Q

The major heat producers in the body are the more active cells, such as the…

A

Skeletal muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells and cells of the liver

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27
Q

When warm blood reaches the ____, the _____ signals muscles in the walls of the dermal blood vessels to relax.

A

Hypothalamus

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28
Q

As dermal blood vessels dilate (vasodilation), more blood enters them, and some of the heat the blood…

A

Escapes to the outside

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29
Q

At the same time as vasodilation, deeper blood vessels contract (vasoconstriction), diverting blood…

A

To the surface (skin reddens)

30
Q

The primary means of body heat loss…

A

Radiation

31
Q

Heat moves from the body directly into the molecules of cooler objects in contact with its surface in…

A

Conduction

32
Q

Continuous circulation of air over a warm surface is called…

A

Convection

33
Q

When the body temperature rises above normal, the nervous system stimulates eccrine sweat glands to release sweat onto the surface of the skin. As this fluid evaporates, it carries heat away from the surface, cooling the skin. This is called…

A

Evaporation

34
Q

Body temperature may rise in a condition called…

A

Hyperthermia (core body temp exceeding 106F)

35
Q

What may result from prolonged exposure to cold or as part of an illness?

A

Hypothermia

36
Q

Reverse

Nails, hair follicles, and skin glands

A

Accessory structures of the skin originate from the epidermis and include…

37
Q

Reverse

Nail plate and a nail bed`

A

Each nail consists of a…

38
Q

Reverse

Lunula

A

The whitish half-moon area is called the…

39
Q

Reverse

Growth region

A

Lunula is the most active ____ of the nail…

40
Q

Reverse

Divide and become keratinized

A

Nails grow from epithelial cells that…

41
Q

Reverse

Growth

A

At any time, 90% of hair is in the ____ phase.

42
Q

Reverse

Hair follicle

A

Each hair develops from a group of epidermal cells at the base of a tubelike depression called a…

43
Q

Reverse

Hair root

A

The hair follicle extends from the surface into the dermis and contains the…

44
Q

Reverse

Embedded in the skin

A

The hair root is the portion of hair that is…

45
Q

Reverse

Epidermal cells

A

A hair is composed of dead…

46
Q

Reverse

Pigment

A

Genes determine hair colors by directing the type and amount of ____ that epidermal melanocytes produce.

47
Q

Reverse

Pattern baldness

A

Androgenetic alopecia is also known as…

48
Q

Reverse

Arrector pili muscle

A

Muscle that attaches to each hair follicle, causes hair to stand up when cold or nervous…

49
Q

Reverse

Sebaceous glands

A

Contain groups of specialized epithelial cells and are usually associate with hair follicles…

50
Q

Reverse

Holocrine glands

A

Sebaceous glands release sebum and are known as…

51
Q

Reverse

Sebum

A

Helps keep hairs soft, pliable, and smooth…

52
Q

Reverse

Sweat gland

A

Each of this gland consists of a tiny tube that originates as a ball-shaped coil in the deeper dermis or superficial subcutaneous layer.

53
Q

Reverse

Eccrine glands

A

The most numerous sweat glands are called…

54
Q

Reverse

Body temperature

A

Eccrine glands respond to…

55
Q

Reverse

Urea and uric acid

A

Sweat is mostly water, but it also contains small amounts of salts and wastes such as…

56
Q

Reverse

Secretory function

A

Sweating is also a…

57
Q

Reverse

Apocrine glands

A

Sweat glands that develop a scent as skin bacteria metabolize them are called…

58
Q

Reverse

Emotionally upset, frightened, or in pain

A

Apocrine sweat glands become active at puberty and can wet certain areas of the skin when a person is…

59
Q

Reverse

Comedones

A

Blackheads and whiteheads are collectively known as…

60
Q

Reverse

Cellular metabolism

A

Heat is a product of…

61
Q

Reverse

Skeletal muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells and cells of the liver

A

The major heat producers in the body are the more active cells, such as the…

62
Q

Reverse

Hypothalamus

A

When warm blood reaches the ____, the _____ signals muscles in the walls of the dermal blood vessels to relax.

63
Q

Reverse

Escapes to the outside

A

As dermal blood vessels dilate (vasodilation), more blood enters them, and some of the heat the blood…

64
Q

Reverse

To the surface (skin reddens)

A

At the same time as vasodilation, deeper blood vessels contract (vasoconstriction), diverting blood…

65
Q

Reverse

Radiation

A

The primary means of body heat loss…

66
Q

Reverse

Conduction

A

Heat moves from the body directly into the molecules of cooler objects in contact with its surface in…

67
Q

Reverse

Convection

A

Continuous circulation of air over a warm surface is called…

68
Q

Reverse

Evaporation

A

When the body temperature rises above normal, the nervous system stimulates eccrine sweat glands to release sweat onto the surface of the skin. As this fluid evaporates, it carries heat away from the surface, cooling the skin. This is called…

69
Q

Reverse

Hyperthermia (core body temp exceeding 106F)

A

Body temperature may rise in a condition called…

70
Q

Reverse

Hypothermia

A

What may result from prolonged exposure to cold or as part of an illness?

Anatomy & Physiology 101 (20 decks)

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