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Anatomy & Physiology 101 > Chapter 5 - Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

Cartilage cells are also called…

A

chondrocytes

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2
Q

Definition: Pseud-

A

False

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3
Q

Definition: hist-

A

web, tissue (EX: histology - study of composition and function of tissues.)

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4
Q

Cells in the inner linings of the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems secrete abundant…

A

mucus

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5
Q

Are weaker than collagenous fibers, but are easily stretches/deformed and will resume their original lengths and shapes when the force acting upon them is removed.

A

Elastic fibers

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6
Q

Nervous tissue includes abundant

A

neuroglia

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7
Q

Has a duct that branches repeatedly before reaching the secretory portion.

A

Compound gland

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8
Q

The 4 tissue types are…

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

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9
Q

Are highly branched and form delicate supporting networks in a variety of tissues.

A

Reticular fibers

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10
Q

Fibrocartilage also cushions bones in the…

A

knees and in the pelvic girdle

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11
Q

Is only in in the heart.

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

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12
Q

Are farther apart than epithelial cells, and have abundant extracellular matrix between them.

A

Connective tissues

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13
Q

Consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells.

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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14
Q

Has sparse collagenous fibers

A

loose connective tissue

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15
Q

Dendrites respond by

A

transmitting electrical impulses along cellular processes called axons.

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16
Q

Definition: hyla-`

A

Resemblance to glass (EX: hyaline cartilage)

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17
Q

Lines the oral cavity.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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18
Q

Thin collagenous fibers

A

Reticular fibers

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19
Q

Channels that link cytoplasm of adjacent cells.

A

Gap junctions

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20
Q

Cartilage tissue lacks…

A

direct blood supply

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21
Q

Consists of many closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers; a fine network of elastic fibers; and a few cells, mostly fibroblasts.

A

Dense regular connective tissue

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22
Q

Cartilage cells lie completely within the..

A

extracellular matrix

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23
Q

Typically watery and has a high concentration of enzymes.

A

Serous fluid

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24
Q

The three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, Elastic, and FIbrocartilage

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25
Q

Histamine is a substance that promotes some of the reactions associated with

A

inflammation and allergies

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26
Q

Definition: chondr-

A

Cartilage (EX: chondrocyte - cartilage cell)

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27
Q

Are tightly packed.

A

Epithelial cells

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28
Q

Lines part of the nasal cavity.

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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29
Q

Found in inner lining of the urinary bladder and lines ureters & superior urethra.

A

Transitional epithelium

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30
Q

Rich in glycoprotein mucin.

A

Mucus

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31
Q

Divide and are crucial to the functioning of neurons.

A

Neuroglia

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32
Q

Bloods includes three types of cells.

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and cellular fragments called platelets.

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33
Q

Histamine stimulates inflammation by dilating the small…

A

arterioles that feed capillaries

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34
Q

Are important components of the body parts that hold structures together, such as ligaments and tendons.

A

Collagenous fibers

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35
Q

Includes loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue.

A

Connective tissue proper

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36
Q

Cartilage cells occupy small chambers called…

A

Lacunae

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37
Q

Definition: adip-

A

Adipose tissue - tissue that stores fat

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38
Q

Underlies most layers of epithelium, where its many blood vessels nourish nearby epithelial cells.

A

Areolar connective tissue

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39
Q

As scavenger cells, they can clear foreign particles from tissues, providing an important defense against infection.

A

Macrophages

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40
Q

Hyaline cartilage is important in the development and growth of most…

A

bones.

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41
Q

The fibers are thicker, interwoven, and more randomly organized

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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42
Q

A rigid connective tissue

A

Cartilage

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43
Q

Originate as white blood cells and are almost as numerous as fibroblasts in some connective tissues.

A

Macrophages

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44
Q

Definition: Os-

A

Bone

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45
Q

Lines the small intestine.

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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46
Q

Cells of serous membranes secrete watery

A

serous fluid

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47
Q

Transitional epithelium forms a barrier that helps prevent contents of urinary tract from…

A

Diffusing back into internal environment.

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48
Q

Also release histamine

A

Mast cells

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49
Q

Are large and widely distributed in connective tissues; are usually near blood vessels.

A

Mast cells

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50
Q

Contractile; can shorten and thicken.

A

Muscle tissues

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51
Q

Definition: Phag-

A

To eat

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52
Q

Fibroblast and mast cells are considered…

A

fixed cells

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53
Q

Is found on the ends of bones in many joints, in the soft part of the nose, and in the supporting rings of the respiratory passages.

A

Hyaline cartilage

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54
Q

Deeper layers of stratified squamous epithelium are…

A

Cuboidal or columnar

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55
Q

Tissue containing abundant collagenous fibers is called

A

dense connective tissue

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56
Q

Forms muscles that usually attach to bones.

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

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57
Q

The three major types of epithelial membranes are…

A

serous, mucous, and cutaneous

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58
Q

Definition: -cyt

A

Cell (ex: osteaocyte- bone cell)

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59
Q

Smooth muscle tissues comprise the walls of…

A

hollow internal organs

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60
Q

Epithelium lines the…

A

Hollow organs

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61
Q

Intercellular junctions

A

Structures that connect cell membranes of certain cell types.

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62
Q

Definition: Strat-

A

Layer (EX: stratified epithelium - tissue with cells in layers.)

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63
Q

Reticular connective tissue helps prove the…

A

framework of certain organs

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64
Q

Noncilitated simple columnar epithelium lines the…

A

Uterus and portions of the digestive tract

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65
Q

Adipose tissue lies…

A

beneath the skin.

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66
Q

These fibers branch, forming complex networks in various tissues.

A

Elastic fibers

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67
Q

Also lines the oral cavity, esophagus, vagina and anal canal.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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68
Q

Is found in the subcutaneous layer beneath the skin and surrounding organs.

A

Areolar connective tissue

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69
Q

Cannot be stimulated to contract by conscious effort.

A

Smooth muscle tissue

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70
Q

Simple columnar epithelium secretes…

A

Digestive fluids

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71
Q

Secrete their products into tissue fluids or blood.

A

Endocrine glands

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72
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium lines larger…

A

Ducts of exocrine glands

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73
Q

Form the inner lining of the thorax and abdomen and cover the organs in these cavities.

A

Serous membranes

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74
Q

Single layer of thin, flattened cells.

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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75
Q

Where one cell touches another cell is a specialized intercellular junction called an…

A

intercalated disk (seen only in cardiac tissue)

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76
Q

Epithelium forms the inner lining of…

A

Body cavities

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77
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium is found in parts of…

A

Male urethra

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78
Q

Line the body cavities that do not open to the outside.

A

Serous membranes

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79
Q

Line the cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body.

A

Mucous membranes

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80
Q

A unicellular gland is a…

A

single secretory cell

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81
Q

True or false: substances pass easily through simple squamous epithelium.

A

True

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82
Q

Simple squamous epithelium is easily…

A

Damages

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83
Q

Is composed of protein fibers and a ground substance consisting of nonfibrous protein and other materials.

A

Extracellular matrix

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84
Q

A mucous membrane consists of…

A

Epithelium overlying a layer of areolar connective tissue.

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85
Q

Found in the attachments between bones of the spinal column.

A

Elastic connective tissue

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86
Q

Release fluid products by exocytosis.

A

Merocrine glands

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87
Q

Bone internally supports

A

body structures

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88
Q

The nuclei is usually near basement membrane in…

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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89
Q

In a TIGHT JUNCTION the membranes of adjacent cells…

A

Converge and fuse

90
Q

Release heparin, a compound that prevents blood clotting.

A

Mast cells

91
Q

Secrete the products into ducts that open onto surfaces, such as skin or lining of digestive tract.

A

Exocrine glands

92
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue is in the…

A

Dermis

93
Q

Is a shock absorber for structures subjected to pressure.

A

Fibrocartilage

94
Q

Release entire cells

A

Holocene glands

95
Q

Incoming signals stimulate neuro-cellular processes called…

A

dendrites

96
Q

Specialized to change in response to increased

A

Transitional epithelium

97
Q

Is composed of thin, reticular fibers in a three-dimensional network.

A

Reticular connective tissue

98
Q

Tight junctions typically join cells that…

A

Form sheetlike layers

99
Q

The three types of connective tissue fibers are…

A

Collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers.

100
Q

Reduce friction between the organs and cavity walls.

A

Serous membranes

101
Q

Tissues are

A

Layers or groups of similar cells with a common function.

102
Q

Cubelike cells

A

Cuboidal cells

103
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium cells nearest the free surface are…

A

Flattened the most

104
Q

Adipose tissue cushions…

A

joints and some organs.

105
Q

Terminal portions form saclike dilations.

A

Alveolar glands

106
Q

Most blood cells form in special tissues in…

A

red marrow

107
Q

Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells is called…

A

Simple

108
Q

These fibers are thick threads of the protein collagen.

A

Collagenous fibers

109
Q

Enable us to write, talk, sing, chew, swallow, and breathe.

A

Skeletal muscles

110
Q

Lines ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas.

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

111
Q

These large, star-shaped cells produce fibers by secreting proteins into the extracellular matrix of connective tissues.

A

Fibroblasts

112
Q

Other epithelial cell functions are…

A

Secretion, absorption, and excretion.

113
Q

Consists of epithelial-lined tubules.

A

Tubular glands

114
Q

Also called fat; develops when certain cells store fat in droplets in their cytoplasm.

A

Adipose connective tissue

115
Q

Allow ions, nutrients, and other small molecules to pass through them.

A

Gap junctions

116
Q

Epithelial membranes cover…

A

body surfaces

117
Q

Elongated cells

A

Columnar cells

118
Q

Are separated by a gel-like ground substance that contains many collagenous and elastic fibers that fibroblasts secrete.

A

Areolar connective tissue

119
Q

Bone hardness is largely due to

A

Mineral salts between cells (such as calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate)

120
Q

Serous fluid helps

A

lubricate membrane surfaces

121
Q

Composed of a single layer of cells that ar longer than they are wides.

A

Simple columnar epithelium

122
Q

Definition: inter-

A

Among, between

123
Q

Glandular epithelium cells are usually found within…

A

Columnar or cuboidal epithelium

124
Q

Protects underlying tissues and forms structural models for many developing bones.

A

Cartilage

125
Q

Elastic connective tissue is also in the layers within the walls of certain…

A

hollow internal organs

126
Q

Simple squamous epithelium form the walls of…

A

Capillaries

127
Q

Definition: -glia

A

Glue (EX: neuroglia - cells that support neurons; part of nervous tissue)

128
Q

Typically migrate from the blood through capillary walls to connective tissues.

A

White blood cells

129
Q

Lose small portions of their glandular cell bodies during secretion.

A

Apocrine glands

130
Q

Skeletal muscles move the…

A

Head, trunk, and limbs.

131
Q

The two major categories of connective tissues.

A

Connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissues.

132
Q

Simple columnar epithelium absorbs…

A

Nutrients from digested foods

133
Q

Epithelium composed of two or more layers of cells is called…

A

Stratified epitelium

134
Q

Definition: Stria-

A

Groove

135
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium appear _____ but are not.

A

Stratified or layered

136
Q

Composed of cells specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids.

A

Glandular epithelium cells

137
Q

Forms delicate, thin membranes throughout the body.

A

Areolar connective tissue

138
Q

Lines follicles of of the thyroid gland and covers ovaries, lines kidney tubules, and ducts of certain glands.

A

Simple cuboidal epitelium

139
Q

Red blood cells transport…

A

Gasses

140
Q

Are branched and interconnected

A

Cardiac muscle cells

141
Q

A type of membrane composed entirely of connective tissues.

A

Synovial membrane

142
Q

Desmosomes

A

Rivets or “spot welds” skin cells, enabling them to form a reinforced structural unit.

143
Q

Are grouped in long, parallel bundles, and are flexible but only slightly elastic.

A

Collagenous fibers

144
Q

Elastic cartilage provides the framework for the…

A

external ears and parts of the larynx

145
Q

The three types of muscle tissue are…

A

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

146
Q

Can be cilitated or noncilitated

A

Simple columnar epithelium

147
Q

Are thin, flattened cells.

A

Squamous cells

148
Q

The outermost layer of skin is called…

A

Epidermis

149
Q

It protects vital structures in the cranial and thoracic cavities and is an attachment for muscles.

A

Bone

150
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium usually have spherical…

A

Nuclei

151
Q

Binds, supports, and provides a medium through which substances may be transferred between blood and cells of the tissue.

A

The ground substance of extracellular matrix

152
Q

A connective tissue composed of cells suspended in a fluid extracellular matix called plasma.

A

Blood

153
Q

The basic nervous tissue cells are called…

A

neurons

154
Q

Move through and appear in tissues temporarily, usually in response to an injury or infection.

A

Wandering cells

155
Q

One or more glandular epithelium cells constitutes a…

A

Gland

156
Q

Definition: Neur-

A

Nerve

157
Q

Most likely to allow substances to move from one cell to another.

A

Gap junction

158
Q

The blood supply to dense regular connective tissue is…

A

poor.

159
Q

Two or three layers of cuboidal cells that form the lining of a lumen.

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

160
Q

Lines passages of respiratory system,

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

161
Q

Skeletal muscles enable us to make

A

facial expressions

162
Q

Platelets are involved in…

A

blood clotting

163
Q

Lose connective tissue and dense connective tissue are more…

A

flexible

164
Q

Specialized to carry on phagocytosis.

A

Macrophages

165
Q

Red blood cells are the only type of blood cells that function…

A

entirely in the blood vessels

166
Q

Epithelial membranes line…

A

body cavities

167
Q

The cells of this tissue, mainly fibroblasts, are located some distance apart.

A

Areolar connective tissue

168
Q

Simple squamous epithelium lines the insides of…

A

Blood and lymph vessels

169
Q

Mucus cells and goblet cells secrete mucus but in.,.

A

different parts of the body.

170
Q

Collagen is the major

A

structural protein of the body

171
Q

Insulates beneath the skin and stores energy in fat molecules.

A

Adipose connective tissue

172
Q

The dermis is the…

A

inner skin layer.

173
Q

Basement membranes anchor…

A

Epithelium to underlying connective tissue.

174
Q

More commonly called skin.

A

Cutaneous membrane

175
Q

Comprise much of the body and are the most abundant type of tissue by weight.

A

Connective tissues

176
Q

Its cells lack striations (cross-markings)

A

Smooth muscle tissue

177
Q

The most abundant connective tissue fibers are…

A

Collagenous and elastic fibers

178
Q

Provides support, frameworks, and attachements

A

Cartilage

179
Q

The most common type of fixed cell in connective tissues.

A

FIbroblasts

180
Q

Goblet cells within a mucous membrane secrete…

A

mucus.

181
Q

The most rigid connective tissue.

A

Bone

182
Q

Secrete a protective fluid called mucus.

A

Goblet cells

183
Q

Consists of many layers of cells, is relatively thick.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

184
Q

Between elastic connective tissue are…

A

Collagenous fibers and fibroblasts

185
Q

Lumen

A

Canal, duct or cavity of tubular organ.

186
Q

Covers body surface and organs.

A

Epithelium

187
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium commonly have…

A

Cilia

188
Q

Each cardiac muscle cell has a single…

A

nucleus.

189
Q

Superficial cells are elongated; basal layer consists of cube-shaped cells

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

190
Q

Tissues can be distinguished from each other by variations in…

A

Size, shape, organization, and function.

191
Q

Synovial membrane lines

A

joints.

192
Q

Is more flexible than hyaline cartilage.

A

Elastic cartilage

193
Q

Is abundant and is largely composed of collagenous fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance.

A

Cartilage extracellular matrix

194
Q

They bind structures, provide support and protection, serve as frameworks, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infections, and help repair tissue damage.

A

Connective tissues

195
Q

The cells that compromise muscle tissues are sometimes called…

A

muscle fibers

196
Q

The most common type of cartilage.

A

Hyaline cartilage

197
Q

Includes cartilage, bone, and blood.

A

Specialized connective tissues

198
Q

Epithelial cells readily…

A

Divide

199
Q

Definition: Squam-

A

Scale (EX: squamous epithelium - tissues with flattened or scalelike cells.)

200
Q

White blood cells…

A

Fight infection

201
Q

Are common in body parts normally subjected to stretching, such as vocal cords and air passages.

A

Elastic fibers

202
Q

Definition: epi-

A

Upon, after, in addition (EX: epithelial tissue - tissue that covers all free body surfaces.)

203
Q

A cartilaginous structure is enclosed in a covering of connective tissue called…

A

perichondrium

204
Q

Are found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

A

Nervous tissues

205
Q

Protein found in dead outer skin layer.

A

Keratin

206
Q

Are composed of a springlike protein called elastin.

A

Elastic fibers

207
Q

A very tough tissue, has many collagenous fibers.

A

Fibrocartilage

208
Q

Cells that reside in a specific connective tissue type for an extended period.

A

Fixed cells

209
Q

The study of tissues is called…

A

Histology

210
Q

Its extracellular matrix has a dense network of elastic fibers

A

Elastic cartilage

211
Q

When adipocytes become so abundant that they crowd out other cell types, they form…

A

Adipose connective tissue

212
Q

Can continue to function without nervous stimulation.

A

Cardiac muscle

213
Q

Forms pads (intervertebral disks) between the individual bones (vertebrae) of the spinal column.

A

Fibrocartilage

214
Q

Is part of membranes that line and cover the viscera.

A

Simple squamous epithelium

215
Q

Mainly consists of yellow, elastic fibers in parallel strands or in branching networks.

A

Elastic connective tissue

216
Q

Simple squamous epithelium is common at sites of…

A

Filtration and diffusion

217
Q

Definition: macr-

A

Large

218
Q

Communicates with the surface by means of a duct that does not branch by reaching the glandular cells or secretory portin.

A

A simple gland

219
Q

Thin, nonliving layer.

A

Basement membrane

220
Q

Thin structures that are usually composed of epithelium and underlying connective tissue.

A

Epithelial membranes

221
Q

A multicellular gland is a…

A

gland that consists of many cells

222
Q

Some, such as bone and cartilage, are rigid.

A

Connective tissues

Anatomy & Physiology 101 (20 decks)

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