Chapter 1 Flashcards
The process of turning molecules that are ingested into forms that are compatible with an organism is…
Assimilation
The wrist is the most _____ part of the hand region.
Proximal
A _____ section divides the body into right and left.
Saggital
The forearm is a/an _____ area.
Antebrachial
All organisms share a set of basic requirements. These include all of the following, with the exception of _____________, which is not required by all organisms, even if it is present in many. Carbon dioxide, oxygen, pressure, food and water
Carbon dioxide
Choose the example from the list below that operates by positive feedback. (A) Blood pressure that has dropped too low is caused to increase; (B) A baby suckling at the breast stimulates greater milk production; (C) Maintenance of a constant body temperature is accomplished through sweating or shivering; (D) Regulation of glucose levels in the blood requires the actions of two pancreatic hormones, insulin, and glucagon.
B
Which of the following is the most complex level of organization? (A) Organ system, (B) macromolecule, (C) organ, (D) organelle.
A
Skin or bone is an example of what level of organization?
Organ
Which term refers to the back of the knee?
Popliteal
The structures called _____ are intracellular areas with specific living functions.
Organelles
Simple squamous epithelium is a/an _____ term.
Tissue
Which of the following does not apply to the dorsal cavity? (A) Brain, (B) vertebral canal, (C) spinal cord, (D) stomach
D
Another name for the cavity in the front or belly side is _____.
Ventral
The following are sinus areas except which one? (A) Frontal, (B) maxillary, (C) ethmoid, (D) cranial
D
The _____ system plays a role in moving fluids, wastes, and bones?
Muscular
Integration and coordination are properties of the _____ system of organs.
Nervous
The _____ system returns tissue fluids to the heart.
Lymphatic
The following are components of the excretory system except which one? (A) Lungs, (B) large intestine, (C) integument, (D) salivary glands
D
A tumor on top of the head would be on the _____ surface.
Superior
Which of the following is the same as inguinal? (A) Epigastric, (B) hypochondriac, (C) lumbar, (D) iliac
D
The lower ribs are located in the _____ region.
Hypochondriac
The central abdominal area is the _____ region.
Umbilical
A _____ fracture occurred in the elbow area.
Cubital
Buccal refers to the _____.
Cheeks
A _____ fracture occurred in the hip area.
Coxal
A mental tumor could be one in the _____.
Lower jaw
The lungs are covered by a membrane called the _______________.
Visceral pleura
Which of the following terms means the same as ventral in humans? (A) Dorsal, (B) posterior, (C) medial, (D) anterior
D
Which of the following terms cannot be properly paired? (A) Cranial, skull; (B) frontal, forehead; (C) nasal, buccal; (D) orbital, eyes
C
Costal refers to ____.
Ribs
True or False: If an organism displays the ability to reproduce itself at some time, including microorganisms, it is probably living.
True
True or False: An otic abnormality could be a deformed nasal septum.
False
Otic refers to the ____.
Ear
True or False: The skin is the part of the body that homeostatically controls the maintenance of body temperature.
False
The brain contains the control center (____) which maintains temperature, among other things.
Hypothalamus
True or False: Diseases usually involve positive rather than negative feedback mechanisms.
True
True or False: A bone cell would function the same whether it was alone or together with a group of similar cells.
False
True or False: The parietal pleura are the membrane which covers the surface of each lung.
False
True or False: The thymus gland lies on top of the heart in the mediastinum.
True
The thymus gland is located near the great vessels on the ____.
Heart
True or False: Serous fluid is usually protective and thick in consistency.
False
The serous fluid membranes are very ____.
Wet
True or False: Magnetic resonance imaging is a technique using radiation to view the internal structures.
False
The term ipsilateral means on the ____ side.
Same
The term ____ means on the opposite side.
Contralateral
The term acromial refers to a ____ area.
Shoulder
The term ____ refers to organs of the vental body cavity.
Visceral
The nucleus of an atom always has a _____ charge.
Positive
What is the charge of an elemental atom?
Neutral
NaOh, glucose, Carbonic acid, aluminium chloride. Which is not an electrolyte?
Glucose
DNA does not contain a ____.
Single polynucleotide chain
Which element has the nuclear configuration of 12/6?
Carbon
Whenever a partially charged hydrogen comes near a partially charged oxygen on another atom, a _____ bond is formed.
Hydrogen
What is the correct formula for a base?
NaOH
Which inorganic ion is required for ATP and nucleic acid synthesis and is part of their structures?
Phosphate
Sucrose is a ____.
Disaccharide
The main monosaccharides are ____, ____, and ____.
Glucose, fructose, galactose
Proteins are not important for ____ production.
Energy
All nucleic acids must contain a ____ group.
Phosphate
The molecule which contains the genetic information necessary to regulate cells is _____.
DNA
An electrically neutral atom bears what trait?
It contains the same number of electrons and protons.
Isotopes of the same element vary in the number of _______________ they contain.
Neutrons
Animal polysaccharides or _______________, consists of branched chains of sugar units and functions to store energy.
Glycogen
A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are all linked by single carbon-carbon bonds is said to be _________________.
Saturated
All single bonds are called ____.
Saturated
One or more double bonds means ____.
Unsaturated
What are not a part of the nucleus?
Electrons
Proton, neutron, electron, nucleus. Which doesn’t belong?
Electron
What is the sum of the neutrons plus protons equal to?
Mass number
True or False: A person could have a blood pH of 7.2 and be considered to have excess acidity or acidosis.
True
True or False: When sodium reacts with chlorine usually a covalent bond is formed.
False
____ and ____ usually form ionic bonds.
Metals, nonmetals
Covalent bonds form between ____.
Nonmetals
True or False: Considering all molecules known, inorganic molecules usually contain fewer atoms than organic molecules.
True
Inorganic molecules tend to be ____ than organic molecules.
Smaller
Insulin usually increases the movement of glucose through a cell membrane by a process called _____.
Facilitated diffusion
The process, which divides the cytoplasm in half, is specifically termed _____.
Cytokinesis
True or False: The cell membrane is the fixed, outer layer of a cell that functions like a filter to prevent certain molecules from escaping the cell.
False
The cell membrane is a constantly changing region comprised of layers of molecules that actively control ____.
Permeability
The ____________ is the organelle that plays a complex function in cell reproduction.
Centriole
The protein actin is found in _______________, which results in some type of movement or contraction.
Microfilaments
The process that results in daughter cells with half of the original chromosome number is _____.
Meiosis
The _______________ stage occurs when two daughter cells have completely formed.
Telophase
In what part of the nucleus does ribosome production occur?
In the area of the NUCLEOLUS
By which process does a glucose molecule move through a cell membrane protein carrier from a region of greater concentration to one of lower concentration?
Facilitated diffusion
In the liver, the _________ may play a role in producing the enzymes that help detoxify drugs.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The ______________ contains enzymes that are associated with protein synthesis.
Ribosome
Catalase is an enzyme, which degrades _________________________.
Hydrogen peroxide
The following belong together except which one? Microtubule, microvilli, aid in DNA movement, comprise an internal skeleton.
Microvilli
Movement of particles from higher to lower concentrations through a membrane, such as in dialysis, occurs by _________________.
Diffusion
Membranes that have a higher osmotic pressure on one side tend to ______________.
Draw water towards that side
Two chromatids are attached at the _____ region.
Centromere
The centromeres divide during the ________________ stage of mitosis.
Anaphase
What type of cell is a bacterium?
Prokaryotic
The __________ of a cell is the most critical factor in determining its function.
Shape
The _________ of the cell directs its overall activities as well as houses its genetic material.
Nucleus
Chromosomes align midway between centrioles during what phase of mitosis?
Metaphase
Which chemicals on the surface of cells function to attach to and recognize hormones?
Proteins
Ribosomes are sites for _____.
Protein synthesis
True or False: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a significant function in protein synthesis.
False
True or False: The centrioles are microtubules that play a significant role in ATP and energy production.
False
Centrioles are important for producing fibers that move the _____ during cell division.
Chromosomes
The nucleolus functions in the synthesis of ____ which becomes part of the ribosomes.
RNA
True or False: At the point of equilibrium, during diffusion, there is no further movement of any molecules.
False
At equilibrium there is still _____.
Movement of molecules
Diffusion will procede until ___ equilibrium rate of a substance is achieved.
50%
The type of ____ is not the main factor involved in osmosis.
Membrane
True or False: Osmosis is the movement of water and can occur through any type of permeable membrane.
True
True or False: During osmosis, water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to the side with the higher solute concentration.
True
True or False: Cancer cells are more sensitive to drugs and radiation than normal cells.
True
Cells are most susceptible to DNA erros during ____.
Active divison
All ribosomes are synthesized in the ____.
Nucleolus
True or False: Vesicles differ from vacuoles in that vesicles are usually produced for the purpose of causing something to leave the cell.
False
The ____ portion include the head, neck and torso.
Axial
The ____ portion includes the limbs.
Appendicular
The axial portion contains two major cavities: the ____ and the ____.
Dorsal, ventral
The ventral cavity is further divided into the ____ cavity which contains the heart and lungs, and the ____ cavity, which contains the stomach, bladder and intestines.
Thoracic, abdominopelvic
Place the following body regions in order from superior to inferior: Cervical, Gluteal, Pectoral, Cephalic
Cephalic, Cervical, Pectoral, Gluteal
Chemical changes is the same thing as ____.
Chemical reactions
To understand ____ you must understand chemistry.
Physiology
Production of protein from individual amino acids is a ____ reaction.
Sythesis
When the amount of hydrogen ion in a solution is increase, the solution will be ____.
Decreased
When the pH of a solution is below 7.0, the solution has ____ hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 8.0.
More
A solution with a pH below 7.0 is considered ____.
Acidic
A solution of pH 2.0 is ____ times more acidic than a solution of pH 3.0.
10
The subunits that form nucleic acids are called ____.
Nucleotides
Each subunit consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a ____.
Nitrogenous base
The sugar deoxyribose is found in the type of nucleic acid called ___.
DNA
The sugar ribose is found in the nucleic acid called ____.
RNA
DNA consists of ____ chain(s) of subunits.
Two
RNA consists of ____ chain(s) of subunits.
One
A fatty acid that is classified as a saturated fatty acid has ____ double bonds within its carbon chain.
No
A ____ molecule consists of two fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to the glycerol.
Phospholipid
A ____ molecule consists of three fatty acids bonded to glycerol.
Three
The class of organic molecules called ____ are hydrophobic.
Lipids
Atoms can interact with other atoms by forming ____.
Chemical bonds
The component of an atom that forms chemical bonds with another atom are the ____.
electrons
The sharing of electrons between two atoms occurs with ____ bonds.
Covalent
If an atom had 7 electrons in second shell, it would need to ____ electron(s) to become stable.
Gain 1
If an atom had 2 electrons in its third shell, it would need to ____ electron(s) to become stable.
Lose 2
If an atom had 4 electrons in its second shell, it would need to ____ electron(s) to become stable.
Share 4
Glycocalyx is contained in the ____.
Extracellular Fluid
Flagella is contained in the ____.
Extracellular Fluid
Cilia is contained in the ____.
Extracellular Fluid
Integral protein is contained in the ____.
Extracellular AND Intracellular Fluid
Channel protein is contained in the ____.
Extracellular AND Intracellular Fluid
Phospholipid bilary is contained in the ____.
Extracellular AND Intracellular Fluid
Hormone receptors are contained in the ____.
Extracellular AND Intracellular Fluid
Secretory vesicles are contained in the ____.
Extracellular AND Intracellular Fluid
Desmosomes are contained in the ____.
Extracellular AND Intracellular Fluid
Mitochondria are contained in the ____.
Intracellular Fluid
The Cytoskeleton is contained in the ____.
Intracellular Fluid
Ribosomes are contained in the ____.
Intracellular Fluid
Nuclear membrane is contained in the ____.
Intracellular Fluid
Endoplasmic reticulum is contained in the ____.
Intracellular Fluid
Vacuoles are contained in the ____.
Intracellular Fluid
The Golgi apparatus is contained in the ____.
Intracellular Fluid
Diffusion is an example of ____ transport.
Passive
Facilitated diffusion is an example of ____ transport.
Passive
Osmosis is an example of ____ transport.
Passive
Filtration is an example of ____ transport.
Passive
Transcytosis is an example of ____ transport.
Active
Active transport is an example of ____ transport.
Active
Endocytosis is an example of ____ transport.
Active
Exocytosis is an example of ____ transport.
Active
But the following cells in order from smallest to largest: Red blood cell, Muscle cell, White blood cell, Human egg cell.
Red blood cell > White blood cell > Human egg cell > Muscle cell
Place the following structures in order from smallest to largest: DNA, Chromatin, Genes, Nucleus.
Genes, DNA, Chromatin, Nucleus
____ releases energy from food substances.
Mitochondria
____ contain enzymes that catalyze metabolic reactions that release hydrogen peroxide.
Peroxisomes
The mass within an atom comes from ____.
Protons and neutrons
What is found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
An element with 22 protons, 22 neutrons, and 22 electrons would have an atomic number of ___.
22
For an atom to be considered an ion protons can ____ electrons.
outnumbered
In a bottle of water, hydrogen bonding occurs between the hydrogen of 1 atom and ____.
An oxygen atom in a different molecule.
Which is not a compound? A protein, glucose, methane, sodium, table salt.
Sodium
Atoms form bonds to obtain ____.
An equal number of protons and electrons.
Water is a polar molecule because ____.
Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.
A hydrogen bond is formed when ____.
An electronegative atom of a molecule weakly interacts with a hydrogen atom that is already participating in a polar covalent bond.
