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Anatomy & Physiology 101 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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2
Q

The process of turning molecules that are ingested into forms that are compatible with an organism is…

A

Assimilation

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3
Q

The wrist is the most _____ part of the hand region.

A

Proximal

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4
Q

A _____ section divides the body into right and left.

A

Saggital

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5
Q

The forearm is a/an _____ area.

A

Antebrachial

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6
Q

All organisms share a set of basic requirements. These include all of the following, with the exception of _____________, which is not required by all organisms, even if it is present in many. Carbon dioxide, oxygen, pressure, food and water

A

Carbon dioxide

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7
Q

Choose the example from the list below that operates by positive feedback. (A) Blood pressure that has dropped too low is caused to increase; (B) A baby suckling at the breast stimulates greater milk production; (C) Maintenance of a constant body temperature is accomplished through sweating or shivering; (D) Regulation of glucose levels in the blood requires the actions of two pancreatic hormones, insulin, and glucagon.

A

B

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8
Q

Which of the following is the most complex level of organization? (A) Organ system, (B) macromolecule, (C) organ, (D) organelle.

A

A

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9
Q

Skin or bone is an example of what level of organization?

A

Organ

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10
Q

Which term refers to the back of the knee?

A

Popliteal

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11
Q

The structures called _____ are intracellular areas with specific living functions.

A

Organelles

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12
Q

Simple squamous epithelium is a/an _____ term.

A

Tissue

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13
Q

Which of the following does not apply to the dorsal cavity? (A) Brain, (B) vertebral canal, (C) spinal cord, (D) stomach

A

D

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14
Q

Another name for the cavity in the front or belly side is _____.

A

Ventral

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15
Q

The following are sinus areas except which one? (A) Frontal, (B) maxillary, (C) ethmoid, (D) cranial

A

D

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16
Q

The _____ system plays a role in moving fluids, wastes, and bones?

A

Muscular

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17
Q

Integration and coordination are properties of the _____ system of organs.

A

Nervous

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18
Q

The _____ system returns tissue fluids to the heart.

A

Lymphatic

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19
Q

The following are components of the excretory system except which one? (A) Lungs, (B) large intestine, (C) integument, (D) salivary glands

A

D

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20
Q

A tumor on top of the head would be on the _____ surface.

A

Superior

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21
Q

Which of the following is the same as inguinal? (A) Epigastric, (B) hypochondriac, (C) lumbar, (D) iliac

A

D

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22
Q

The lower ribs are located in the _____ region.

A

Hypochondriac

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23
Q

The central abdominal area is the _____ region.

A

Umbilical

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24
Q

A _____ fracture occurred in the elbow area.

A

Cubital

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25
Q

Buccal refers to the _____.

A

Cheeks

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26
Q

A _____ fracture occurred in the hip area.

A

Coxal

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27
Q

A mental tumor could be one in the _____.

A

Lower jaw

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28
Q

The lungs are covered by a membrane called the _______________.

A

Visceral pleura

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29
Q

Which of the following terms means the same as ventral in humans? (A) Dorsal, (B) posterior, (C) medial, (D) anterior

A

D

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30
Q

Which of the following terms cannot be properly paired? (A) Cranial, skull; (B) frontal, forehead; (C) nasal, buccal; (D) orbital, eyes

A

C

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31
Q

Costal refers to ____.

A

Ribs

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32
Q

True or False: If an organism displays the ability to reproduce itself at some time, including microorganisms, it is probably living.

A

True

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33
Q

True or False: An otic abnormality could be a deformed nasal septum.

A

False

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34
Q

Otic refers to the ____.

A

Ear

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35
Q

True or False: The skin is the part of the body that homeostatically controls the maintenance of body temperature.

A

False

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36
Q

The brain contains the control center (____) which maintains temperature, among other things.

A

Hypothalamus

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37
Q

True or False: Diseases usually involve positive rather than negative feedback mechanisms.

A

True

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38
Q

True or False: A bone cell would function the same whether it was alone or together with a group of similar cells.

A

False

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39
Q

True or False: The parietal pleura are the membrane which covers the surface of each lung.

A

False

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40
Q

True or False: The thymus gland lies on top of the heart in the mediastinum.

A

True

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41
Q

The thymus gland is located near the great vessels on the ____.

A

Heart

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42
Q

True or False: Serous fluid is usually protective and thick in consistency.

A

False

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43
Q

The serous fluid membranes are very ____.

A

Wet

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44
Q

True or False: Magnetic resonance imaging is a technique using radiation to view the internal structures.

A

False

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45
Q

The term ipsilateral means on the ____ side.

A

Same

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46
Q

The term ____ means on the opposite side.

A

Contralateral

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47
Q

The term acromial refers to a ____ area.

A

Shoulder

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48
Q

The term ____ refers to organs of the vental body cavity.

A

Visceral

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49
Q

The nucleus of an atom always has a _____ charge.

A

Positive

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50
Q

What is the charge of an elemental atom?

A

Neutral

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51
Q

NaOh, glucose, Carbonic acid, aluminium chloride. Which is not an electrolyte?

A

Glucose

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52
Q

DNA does not contain a ____.

A

Single polynucleotide chain

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53
Q

Which element has the nuclear configuration of 12/6?

A

Carbon

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54
Q

Whenever a partially charged hydrogen comes near a partially charged oxygen on another atom, a _____ bond is formed.

A

Hydrogen

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55
Q

What is the correct formula for a base?

A

NaOH

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56
Q

Which inorganic ion is required for ATP and nucleic acid synthesis and is part of their structures?

A

Phosphate

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57
Q

Sucrose is a ____.

A

Disaccharide

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58
Q

The main monosaccharides are ____, ____, and ____.

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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59
Q

Proteins are not important for ____ production.

A

Energy

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60
Q

All nucleic acids must contain a ____ group.

A

Phosphate

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61
Q

The molecule which contains the genetic information necessary to regulate cells is _____.

A

DNA

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62
Q

An electrically neutral atom bears what trait?

A

It contains the same number of electrons and protons.

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63
Q

Isotopes of the same element vary in the number of _______________ they contain.

A

Neutrons

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64
Q

Animal polysaccharides or _______________, consists of branched chains of sugar units and functions to store energy.

A

Glycogen

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65
Q

A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are all linked by single carbon-carbon bonds is said to be _________________.

A

Saturated

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66
Q

All single bonds are called ____.

A

Saturated

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67
Q

One or more double bonds means ____.

A

Unsaturated

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68
Q

What are not a part of the nucleus?

A

Electrons

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69
Q

Proton, neutron, electron, nucleus. Which doesn’t belong?

A

Electron

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70
Q

What is the sum of the neutrons plus protons equal to?

A

Mass number

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71
Q

True or False: A person could have a blood pH of 7.2 and be considered to have excess acidity or acidosis.

A

True

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72
Q

True or False: When sodium reacts with chlorine usually a covalent bond is formed.

A

False

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73
Q

____ and ____ usually form ionic bonds.

A

Metals, nonmetals

74
Q

Covalent bonds form between ____.

A

Nonmetals

75
Q

True or False: Considering all molecules known, inorganic molecules usually contain fewer atoms than organic molecules.

A

True

76
Q

Inorganic molecules tend to be ____ than organic molecules.

A

Smaller

77
Q

Insulin usually increases the movement of glucose through a cell membrane by a process called _____.

A

Facilitated diffusion

78
Q

The process, which divides the cytoplasm in half, is specifically termed _____.

A

Cytokinesis

79
Q

True or False: The cell membrane is the fixed, outer layer of a cell that functions like a filter to prevent certain molecules from escaping the cell.

A

False

80
Q

The cell membrane is a constantly changing region comprised of layers of molecules that actively control ____.

A

Permeability

81
Q

The ____________ is the organelle that plays a complex function in cell reproduction.

A

Centriole

82
Q

The protein actin is found in _______________, which results in some type of movement or contraction.

A

Microfilaments

83
Q

The process that results in daughter cells with half of the original chromosome number is _____.

A

Meiosis

84
Q

The _______________ stage occurs when two daughter cells have completely formed.

A

Telophase

85
Q

In what part of the nucleus does ribosome production occur?

A

In the area of the NUCLEOLUS

86
Q

By which process does a glucose molecule move through a cell membrane protein carrier from a region of greater concentration to one of lower concentration?

A

Facilitated diffusion

87
Q

In the liver, the _________ may play a role in producing the enzymes that help detoxify drugs.

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

88
Q

The ______________ contains enzymes that are associated with protein synthesis.

A

Ribosome

89
Q

Catalase is an enzyme, which degrades _________________________.

A

Hydrogen peroxide

90
Q

The following belong together except which one? Microtubule, microvilli, aid in DNA movement, comprise an internal skeleton.

A

Microvilli

91
Q

Movement of particles from higher to lower concentrations through a membrane, such as in dialysis, occurs by _________________.

A

Diffusion

92
Q

Membranes that have a higher osmotic pressure on one side tend to ______________.

A

Draw water towards that side

93
Q

Two chromatids are attached at the _____ region.

A

Centromere

94
Q

The centromeres divide during the ________________ stage of mitosis.

A

Anaphase

95
Q

What type of cell is a bacterium?

A

Prokaryotic

96
Q

The __________ of a cell is the most critical factor in determining its function.

A

Shape

97
Q

The _________ of the cell directs its overall activities as well as houses its genetic material.

A

Nucleus

98
Q

Chromosomes align midway between centrioles during what phase of mitosis?

A

Metaphase

99
Q

Which chemicals on the surface of cells function to attach to and recognize hormones?

A

Proteins

100
Q

Ribosomes are sites for _____.

A

Protein synthesis

101
Q

True or False: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a significant function in protein synthesis.

A

False

102
Q

True or False: The centrioles are microtubules that play a significant role in ATP and energy production.

A

False

103
Q

Centrioles are important for producing fibers that move the _____ during cell division.

A

Chromosomes

104
Q

The nucleolus functions in the synthesis of ____ which becomes part of the ribosomes.

A

RNA

105
Q

True or False: At the point of equilibrium, during diffusion, there is no further movement of any molecules.

A

False

106
Q

At equilibrium there is still _____.

A

Movement of molecules

107
Q

Diffusion will procede until ___ equilibrium rate of a substance is achieved.

A

50%

108
Q

The type of ____ is not the main factor involved in osmosis.

A

Membrane

109
Q

True or False: Osmosis is the movement of water and can occur through any type of permeable membrane.

A

True

110
Q

True or False: During osmosis, water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to the side with the higher solute concentration.

A

True

111
Q

True or False: Cancer cells are more sensitive to drugs and radiation than normal cells.

A

True

112
Q

Cells are most susceptible to DNA erros during ____.

A

Active divison

113
Q

All ribosomes are synthesized in the ____.

A

Nucleolus

114
Q

True or False: Vesicles differ from vacuoles in that vesicles are usually produced for the purpose of causing something to leave the cell.

A

False

115
Q

The ____ portion include the head, neck and torso.

A

Axial

116
Q

The ____ portion includes the limbs.

A

Appendicular

117
Q

The axial portion contains two major cavities: the ____ and the ____.

A

Dorsal, ventral

118
Q

The ventral cavity is further divided into the ____ cavity which contains the heart and lungs, and the ____ cavity, which contains the stomach, bladder and intestines.

A

Thoracic, abdominopelvic

119
Q

Place the following body regions in order from superior to inferior: Cervical, Gluteal, Pectoral, Cephalic

A

Cephalic, Cervical, Pectoral, Gluteal

120
Q

Chemical changes is the same thing as ____.

A

Chemical reactions

121
Q

To understand ____ you must understand chemistry.

A

Physiology

122
Q

Production of protein from individual amino acids is a ____ reaction.

A

Sythesis

123
Q

When the amount of hydrogen ion in a solution is increase, the solution will be ____.

A

Decreased

124
Q

When the pH of a solution is below 7.0, the solution has ____ hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 8.0.

A

More

125
Q

A solution with a pH below 7.0 is considered ____.

A

Acidic

126
Q

A solution of pH 2.0 is ____ times more acidic than a solution of pH 3.0.

A

10

127
Q

The subunits that form nucleic acids are called ____.

A

Nucleotides

128
Q

Each subunit consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a ____.

A

Nitrogenous base

129
Q

The sugar deoxyribose is found in the type of nucleic acid called ___.

A

DNA

130
Q

The sugar ribose is found in the nucleic acid called ____.

A

RNA

131
Q

DNA consists of ____ chain(s) of subunits.

A

Two

132
Q

RNA consists of ____ chain(s) of subunits.

A

One

133
Q

A fatty acid that is classified as a saturated fatty acid has ____ double bonds within its carbon chain.

A

No

134
Q

A ____ molecule consists of two fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to the glycerol.

A

Phospholipid

135
Q

A ____ molecule consists of three fatty acids bonded to glycerol.

A

Three

136
Q

The class of organic molecules called ____ are hydrophobic.

A

Lipids

137
Q

Atoms can interact with other atoms by forming ____.

A

Chemical bonds

138
Q

The component of an atom that forms chemical bonds with another atom are the ____.

A

electrons

139
Q

The sharing of electrons between two atoms occurs with ____ bonds.

A

Covalent

140
Q

If an atom had 7 electrons in second shell, it would need to ____ electron(s) to become stable.

A

Gain 1

141
Q

If an atom had 2 electrons in its third shell, it would need to ____ electron(s) to become stable.

A

Lose 2

142
Q

If an atom had 4 electrons in its second shell, it would need to ____ electron(s) to become stable.

A

Share 4

143
Q

Glycocalyx is contained in the ____.

A

Extracellular Fluid

144
Q

Flagella is contained in the ____.

A

Extracellular Fluid

145
Q

Cilia is contained in the ____.

A

Extracellular Fluid

146
Q

Integral protein is contained in the ____.

A

Extracellular AND Intracellular Fluid

147
Q

Channel protein is contained in the ____.

A

Extracellular AND Intracellular Fluid

148
Q

Phospholipid bilary is contained in the ____.

A

Extracellular AND Intracellular Fluid

149
Q

Hormone receptors are contained in the ____.

A

Extracellular AND Intracellular Fluid

150
Q

Secretory vesicles are contained in the ____.

A

Extracellular AND Intracellular Fluid

151
Q

Desmosomes are contained in the ____.

A

Extracellular AND Intracellular Fluid

152
Q

Mitochondria are contained in the ____.

A

Intracellular Fluid

153
Q

The Cytoskeleton is contained in the ____.

A

Intracellular Fluid

154
Q

Ribosomes are contained in the ____.

A

Intracellular Fluid

155
Q

Nuclear membrane is contained in the ____.

A

Intracellular Fluid

156
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum is contained in the ____.

A

Intracellular Fluid

157
Q

Vacuoles are contained in the ____.

A

Intracellular Fluid

158
Q

The Golgi apparatus is contained in the ____.

A

Intracellular Fluid

159
Q

Diffusion is an example of ____ transport.

A

Passive

160
Q

Facilitated diffusion is an example of ____ transport.

A

Passive

161
Q

Osmosis is an example of ____ transport.

A

Passive

162
Q

Filtration is an example of ____ transport.

A

Passive

163
Q

Transcytosis is an example of ____ transport.

A

Active

164
Q

Active transport is an example of ____ transport.

A

Active

165
Q

Endocytosis is an example of ____ transport.

A

Active

166
Q

Exocytosis is an example of ____ transport.

A

Active

167
Q

But the following cells in order from smallest to largest: Red blood cell, Muscle cell, White blood cell, Human egg cell.

A

Red blood cell > White blood cell > Human egg cell > Muscle cell

168
Q

Place the following structures in order from smallest to largest: DNA, Chromatin, Genes, Nucleus.

A

Genes, DNA, Chromatin, Nucleus

169
Q

____ releases energy from food substances.

A

Mitochondria

170
Q

____ contain enzymes that catalyze metabolic reactions that release hydrogen peroxide.

A

Peroxisomes

171
Q

The mass within an atom comes from ____.

A

Protons and neutrons

172
Q

What is found in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons

173
Q

An element with 22 protons, 22 neutrons, and 22 electrons would have an atomic number of ___.

A

22

174
Q

For an atom to be considered an ion protons can ____ electrons.

A

outnumbered

175
Q

In a bottle of water, hydrogen bonding occurs between the hydrogen of 1 atom and ____.

A

An oxygen atom in a different molecule.

176
Q

Which is not a compound? A protein, glucose, methane, sodium, table salt.

A

Sodium

177
Q

Atoms form bonds to obtain ____.

A

An equal number of protons and electrons.

178
Q

Water is a polar molecule because ____.

A

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.

179
Q

A hydrogen bond is formed when ____.

A

An electronegative atom of a molecule weakly interacts with a hydrogen atom that is already participating in a polar covalent bond.

Anatomy & Physiology 101 (20 decks)

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