Chapter 6: Head and Neck (continued)

Question 1

What are the major tributaries that drain into the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 1

cerebral and cerebelli veins
Emissary
diploic veins
Arachnoid granulations
Meningeal veins

Question 2

Where do the cerebral and cereblli veins drain? Where are they located?

Answer 2

pass across the subdural space and drain into the sinuses

Question 3

Describe the emissary veins. Where they course and what their function is?

Answer 3

veins are valveless channels that course through bones of skull and allow dural sinuses to communicate with extracranial veins

Question 4

Diploic veins drain into what area of the body?

Answer 4

drain the spongy (diploe) core of flat bones

Question 5

What is the purpose of arachnoid granulations?

Answer 5

where CSF returns to the venous circulation

Question 6

Dural venous sinus picture

Answer 6

Question 7

Superior sagittal sinus location?

Answer 7

midsagittal plane superior aspect of falx cerebri

Question 8

Inferior sagittal sinus location?

Answer 8

midsagittal plane near inferior margin of falx cerebri

Question 9

Straight sinus is formed by union of what what structures?

Answer 9

formed by union of inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein

Question 10

Where is the occipital sinus located?

Answer 10

small sinus found in the posterior border of tentorium cerebelli

Question 11

Confluence of sinuses is formed by what union?

Answer 11

union of superior sagittal, straight, and occipital sinuses posteriorly at the occipital bone

Question 12

Where are the transverse sinuses located?

Answer 12

paired sinuses in the tentorium cerebelli and attached to the occipital bone

Question 13

Where are the sigmoid sinuses located ?

Answer 13

paired and form a S-shaped channel in the floor of the posterior cranial fossa

Question 14

Where are the cavernous sinuses located?

Answer 14

On either side of the body of the sphenoid bone

Question 15

Each cavernous sinus receives blood primarily from which veins?

Answer 15

orbit (ophthalmic veins)

and via emissary veins from the deep face (pterygoid venous plexus)

Question 16

Why are the cavernous sinuses the most clinically significant dural sinuses?

Answer 16

because of their relationship to a number of cranial nerves CN III and CN IV and the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve are located in lateral wall of the sinus.

CN VI and internal carotid artery are located centrally in the sinus

Question 17

Coronal Section Through Pituitary Gland and Cavernous Sinus

Answer 17

Question 18

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis.

Answer 18

Infection can spread from the superficial and deep face into the cavernous sinus, producing a thromobosis that may result in swelling of sinus and damage the cranial nerves that are related to the cavernous sinus

Question 19

What does an epidural hematoma result from?

Answer 19

trauma to the lateral aspect of the skull which lacerates the middle meningeal artery

Question 20

Epidural hemorrhage forms what shape?

Answer 20

forms a lens-shaped (biconvex) hematoma at the lateral hemisphere

Question 21

Symptoms of epidural hematoma?

Answer 21

associated with a momentary loss of consiousness followed by a lucid (asymptomatic) period of up to 48 hours

elevated ICP

Question 22

What does a subdural hematoma result from?

Answer 22

a head trauma that tears superficial (bridging) cerebral veins at the point where they enter the superior sagittal sinus

Question 23

What shape does a subdural hematoma form?

Answer 23

crescent-shaped hematoma at the lateral hemisphere

Question 24

Symptoms of subdural hematoma?

Answer 24

signs of elevated ICP or headache and nausea

Question 25

A subarachnoid hemorrhage results from what?

Answer 25

rupture of a berry aneurysm at the circle of Willis

Question 26

What is the most common site of a rupture of the berry aneurysm?

Answer 26

anterior part of the circle of Willis at the branch point of the anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries.

Question 27

What is the only muscle innervated by CN IV?

Answer 27

The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle

Question 28

What is the only muscle innervated by CNVI?

Answer 28

The abducens nerve innervates the lateral rectus

Question 29

What are the extraocular muscles innervated by CN III?

Answer 29

4 of the 6

superior, inferior, and medial rectus, and the inferior oblique plus the levator palpebrae superioris

Question 30

The smooth muscle of the levator palpebrae is innervated by what nerves? What is the name of this smooth muscle?

Answer 30

superior tarsal muscle

sympathetic fibers

Question 31

Muscles of the eye.

Answer 31