Chapter 3: Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum (continued 6) Flashcards
The pelvic and urogenital diaphragms are innervated by what nerve?
branches of the pudendal nerve
What 2 areas of the body does the pelvic diaphragm separate?
separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum
The pelvic diaphragm is formed by 2 layers of fascia and 2 muscles. What are they?
the levator ani and coccygeus
The puborectalis muscle is a component of what muscle?
levator ani muscle
What is the purpose of the puborectalis muscle?
important in fecal continence
What areas of the body does the puborectalis muscle separate?
the boundary between the rectum and anal canal
Where is the urogenital diaphragm located?
in the perineum inferior to the pelvic diaphragm
What 2 muscles is the urogenital diaphragm formed by?
sphincter urethrae and deep transverse perineus muscles
The urogenital diaphragm extends between what 2 bones?
the ischiopubic rami
The urogenital diagphragm is penetrated by what structures in the male and female?
Male: urethra
Female: urethra and vagina
The external urethral sphincter surrounds the prosthatic, membranous, or spongy urethra?
the membranous urethra
Label the Image.
Refer to image.
Label the image.
Refer to image
What will patients with hyperplasia of the prostate often complain about?
An enlarged prostate gland will compress the urethra.
The patient will complain of the urge to urinate often and has difficulty with starting urination
The ureter courses just medial or lateral to the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
ureter courses medial to the suspensory ligament
What structure must be protected when ligating the ovarian vessels?
the ureter
Support for the pelvic viscera is provided by what structures?
pelvic and urogenital diaphragms, perineal membrane, perineal body, and the transverse (cardinal) cervical and uterosacral ligaments
Weakness of support for pelvic viscera can lead to what condition?
prolapse of the uterus into the vagina or herniation of the bladder or rectum into the vagina
What is the position of the ureter in relation to the uterine artery?
ureter passes inferior to the uterine artery
Label the image.
Refer to image.
What is the perineum?
The diamond-shaped outlet of the pelvis located below the pelvic diaphragm
Describe sensory and motor innervation of the perineum.
is provided by the pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) or the sacral plexus
What is blood supply to the perineum from?
the internal pudendal artery
The anal canal is is surrounded by what fat filled fossa?
ischioanal fossa
The external anal sphincter of the anal canal is innervated by what nerve?
pudendal nerve
The urogenital triangle is divided into what type of spaces?
superficial and deep perineal spaces (pouches)
Where is the location of the superficial perineal pouch in relation to the structures of the male perineum?
between the perineal membrane of the urogenital diaphragm and the superficial perineal (Colles’) fascia
The bulbourethral (Cowper) glands are located in the deep perineal or superficial perineal pouch?
the deep perineal
The greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands are located in which perineal pouch in the female. Deep or superficial?
superficial
Label the diagram.
Refer to diagram
In the male, injury to the bulb on the penis may result in extravasation of urine from the urethra into which space?
superficial perineal space
Because of injury to the bulb of the penis leading to extravasation of urine into the superficial perineal space, urine may ultimately pass into which structures?
the scrotum, into the penis, and onto the anterior abdominal wall in the plane deep to the Scarpa fascia
The crura of the penis is continuous with what structure of the penis?
corpora cavernosa
The bulb of the penis is continuous with what structure of the penis?
corpus spongiosum of the penis (contains urethra)
What structures of the penis form the shaft of the penis?
corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosus
The crura of the clitoris is continuous with which structure of the clitorus?
corpora cavernosa of the clitoris
Bulbs of vestibule in the female perineum are separated from the vestibule by what structure?
labia minora
T/F. Urethra and vagina empty into the vestibule.
True.
T/F. Duct of the greater vestibular glands in the female perineum enters the vestibule?
True
What nerve innervates the sk. muscles in the pelvic and urogenital diaphragms?
pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) ventral rami
Label the diagram.
Refer to the diagram
What is the tunica albuginea?
the dense fibrous capsule that surrounds the testis
Where in the testis are spermatozoa produced?
seminiferous tubules
Label the diagram.
Refer to diagram.
What is the blood-testis barrier formed by? What does it protect?
tight junctions between Sertoli cells and protects primary spermatocytes and their progeny
Where are the spermatogonia located in the seminiferous tubules?
adjacent to the basement membrane
As the spermatogonia cells develop they move from what parts of the seminiferous tubule to what parts?
basal to luminal side of the tubule
