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Kaplan: Anatomy and Physiology Part II > Chapter 3: Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum (continued 4) > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum (continued 4) Flashcards

1
Q

The superior mesenteric vein is to the right or left of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

to the right

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2
Q

What are the major branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

A
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
  • intestinal arteries
  • ileocolic artery
  • right colic artery
  • middle colic artery
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3
Q

Describe the intestinal arteries.
(How many branches, where do the arise, what do they supply)

A

They arise as 12-15 branches from the left side of the SMA and segmentally supply the jejunum and the ileum

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4
Q

What is the most inferior branch of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

the ileocolic artery

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5
Q

What does the ileocolic artery supply?

A

distal ileum and cecum

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6
Q

The appendicular artery branches from what artery?

A

the ileocolic artery

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7
Q

What does the right colic artery supply?

A

supplies the ascending colon

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8
Q

What does the middle colic artery supply?

A

supplies the proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon

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9
Q

What areas of the body in general (from what structure to what structure) does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

the distal third of the transverse colon to the pectinate line of the rectum dividing the upper two-thirds of the rectum with the lower third

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10
Q

What are the 3 branches of he inferior mesenteric artery?

A
  1. left colic artery
  2. sigmoid arteries
  3. superior rectal artery
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11
Q

What does the left colic artery supply?

A

the distal third of the transverse colon and the descending colon

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12
Q

What does the sigmoid artery supply?

A

sigmoid colon

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13
Q

What does the superior rectal artery supply?

A

descends into the pelvis and supplies the superior aspect of the rectum and anal canal

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14
Q

The branches of the SMA and IMA to the ascending, transverse and descending parts of the large intestines are interconnected by a continual arterial arch. What is the name of this arch?

A

the marginal artery

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15
Q

The branches of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries form a collateral circulation within what part of the pancreas.

A

head of the pancreas

anastomose with superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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16
Q

The middle suprarenal arteries branch from what part of the abdominal aorta? Above which arteries specifically?

A

above the renal arteries

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17
Q

What structures do the middle suprarenal arteries supply?

A

medial parts of the suprarenal gland

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18
Q

Which renal artery is longer right or left?

A

the right renal artery is longer than the left and passes posterior to the inferior vena cava

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19
Q

What muscle do the gonadal arteries pass on the ventral surface of?

A

the psoas major muscle

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19
Q

Where does the IVC (at what vertebral level) does it pass through the caval hiatus of the diaphragm?

A

T8 vertebral level

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20
Q

The inferior vena cava forms to the right of the lumbar vertebrae and the abdominal aorta by the union of what 2 veins and at what vertebral level?

A

the 2 common iliac veins at the L5 vertebral level

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21
Q

The IVC receives blood from what parts of the body?

A

from the lower limbs, pelvis and perineum

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22
Q

The vena cava does not receive blood directly from the GI tract, besides what exceptions?

A

lower rectum and anal canal

23
Q

Compare and contrast drainage of blood from left and right suprarenal and gonadal vein.

A

Right suprarenal and gonadal vein empty directly into the inferior vena cava while the left suprarenal and left gonadal vein empty into the left renal vein

24
Q

The hepatic portal system is an extensive network of veins that receives the BF from what areas of the body?

A

from the GI tract above the pectinate line

25
Q

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of what veins? Where are these veins located in relation to other GI organs?

A

the superior mesenteric (drains midgut) and splenic (drains foregut) veins posterior to the neck of the pancreas

26
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain blood? (What vein does it drain into?

A

splenic vein

27
Q

Are there valves in the portal venous system?

A

no

28
Q

What are sites for anastomoses to reach caval system?

A

esophageal veins, rectal veins, and thoracoepigastric vein

29
Q

Name for what is caused when there is enlargement of rectal veins?

A

internal hemorrhoids

30
Q

What is the portal to caval anastomoses causing esophageal varices?

A

esophageal veins (left gastric veins) (portal system) to veins of the thoracic esophagus, which drain into the azygous system (caval system)

31
Q

What are the portal and caval anastomoses that lead to internal hemorrhoids?

A

Portal: superior rectal veins (inferior mesenteric vein) to

Caval: inferior rectal veins (internal iliac veins)

32
Q

What is the portal to caval anastomoses that leads to caput medusae?

A

Portal: paraumbilical veins
Caval: superficial veins of the anterior abdominal wall

33
Q

Renal development is characterized by 3 successive, slightly overlapping kidney systems, what are they?

A

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

34
Q

Another name for mesonephric duct?

A

Wolffian duct

35
Q

Another name for the metanephric mass?

A

matanephric blastema

36
Q

From what 2 sources does the permanent kidney develop?

A

the ureteric bud (metanephric diverticulum)

the metanephric mass (blastema)

37
Q

The hindgut does not rotate but is divided by what structure?

A

urorectal septum

38
Q

What does the urorectal septum divide the cloaca into?

A

the anorectal canal and the urogenital sinus

39
Q

Which part of the urogenital sinus becomes the urinary bladder?

A

upper (cranial) and largest part of the urogenital sinus

40
Q

Definition of the urachus.

A

the lumen of the allantois becomes obliterated to form this fibrous cord structure

41
Q

What parts of the body does the urachus connect?

A

apex of the bladder to the umbilicus

42
Q

The entire lining of the bladder has its orgins from what embryological layer?

A

endodermal origin

43
Q

What does the middle part of the urogenital sinus form in the female?

A

urethra

44
Q

What does the middle part of the urogenital sinus form in males?

A

prostatic, membranous, and proximal spongy urethra

45
Q

The prostate gland is formed in what way?

A

by the endodermal outgrowth of the prostatic urethra

46
Q

What are the 3 parts of the urogenital sinus?

A

upper (cranial)
middle
inferior

47
Q

What does the inferior part of the urogenital sinus form?

A

lower vagina and primordia of the penis or the clitoris

48
Q

What areas of the body does the anorectal canal form?

A

the hindgut distally to the pectinate line

49
Q

Why does renal agenesis occur?

A

results from failure of one or both kidneys to develop because of early degenration of the urteric bud

50
Q

What is bilateral agenesis often associated with?

A

oligohydramnios and the fetus may have potter sequence

51
Q

What is potter sequence?

A

POTTER
* Pulmonary Hypoplasia
* Oligohydramnios
* Twisted skin
* Twisted face
* Extremity Defects
* Reneal Failure (in utero)

52
Q

What is pelvic kidney caused by?

A

failure of one kidney to ascend

53
Q

What is horseshoe kidney?

A

fusion of both kidneys at their ends and failure of the fused kidney to ascend

54
Q

Horseshoe kidney hooks under the origin of which artery?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

Kaplan: Anatomy and Physiology Part II (19 decks)

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