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Business Information Management > Chapter 6: Foundatons of Business Intelligence: Database & Information Management > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Foundatons of Business Intelligence: Database & Information Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is knowledge?

A

Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of a set of information

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

What is a database?

A

This is a collection of related data organized in a way that makes it valuable and useful

A relational database model uses a collection of tables to represent data and relationships

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4
Q

What is the hierarchy of data in a database?

A
  1. Field
  2. Record
  3. File
  4. Database
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5
Q

What is an Entity?

A

An Entity is an observation

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6
Q

What is a File?

A

This is a collection of records for an Entity, also called tables

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6
Q

What is a record?

A

A record is a field describing a single instance, usually represented in the rows of a table

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6
Q

What is a field?

A

These are attributes from an Entity. Represented in the columns

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7
Q

What is SQL?

A

SQL refers to Structured Query Language and it is a standard language to communicate with data systems.

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8
Q

What is normalization?

A

Normalizaiton is the process of streamlining complex groups of data to minimuze redundant elements and increase flexibility and stability of your database

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8
Q

What are the three different types of SQL commands?

A
  1. Data Definition Language ( creating, deleting, altering databases and tables)
  2. Data Manipulation: retrieving, inserting changing records
  3. data content: user and permission maangement (access)
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9
Q

What are the requirements for 1NF?

A
  1. Domain of each attribute only contains atomic values
  2. Value of each attribute only contains a single value from a domain
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10
Q

What are the requirements of 3NF?

A
  1. Satisfies 2NF
  2. No transitive dependencies
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10
Q

What does an Entity relationship model do?

A

It describes relationships between subjects of interest and is visualized in an entity-relationship diagram.

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11
Q

What are the requirements for 2NF?

A
  1. Satisfies 1NF
  2. There are no partial (transitive) dependencies on composite key
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12
Q

What concepts are entity-relationship diagrams based on?

A
  1. Entities and entity sets
  2. Attributes
  3. Relationships and relationships sets
  4. Cardinalities
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13
Q

What are entity sets?

A

Notion of a table in a database

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13
Q

What are entities?

A

These are things of interest to organization

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14
Q

What are attributes?

A

These describe properties of an entity

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15
Q

What are cardinalities?

A

Cardinalities represent the number of entities within one entitiy set associated with entities in other entities.

16
Q

NAme the three types of cardinalities?

A
  1. One-to-one: 1 entity set in A and 1 entity in B
  2. One-to-many: 1 in A associated with possibly many in set B
  3. Many-to-many: possibly many in A associated with possibly many in B.
17
Q

What is a key?

A

These are one or multiple attributes used to differentiate entities

18
Q

What are primary keys?

A

most suited main identifier in a table

19
Q

What are candidate keys?

A

These are keys that could be the primary key

20
Q

What is a byte?

A

Its a string of 0 and 1 representing a number or word

21
Q

What are foreign keys?

A

These are keys that appear as a primary key in onse set and appears in another entity set to link them.

22
Q

What ar bits?

A

0 or 1 (binary)

23
Q

What is a query?

A

This is a requirest for data in a dictionary

24
Q

What are referential integrity rules?

A

These are rules to ensure that relationships between coupled tables remain consistent

25
Q

What is a field?

A

Grouping of words or a complete number

26
Q

What is a database management system?

A

This is a software for creating, storing and accessing information from a database

27
Q

What is data definition?

A

This is the capability to specify structure of database content

28
Q

What is a data dictionary?

A

This stores definintions of data elements and their characteristics

29
Q

What are nonrelational database management systems?

A

these are models designed for managing large data sets across distributed machines

30
Q

What is blockchain?

A

Blockchain is a distributed database technology that aloows organizations to create and verify transactions on a network immediately, without a central authority. It’s a low-cost way to integrate transactions of firms.

31
Q

What are smart contracts:

A

These are programs implementing rules of transactions among firms

32
Q

What is a data lake?

A

Repository for unstructured or structured and not analyzed data. It’s stored until its needed

32
Q

What is big data?

A

These are large data sets too complex to analyze for database management systems (DBMS)

33
Q

What is a data mart?

A

This is a subset of a company’s data for a highly focused portion of an organizations data in a seperate databse for a small group of users

33
Q

What is a data warehouse?

A

This is a database storing potentially interesting current and historical information

34
Q

What is a Hadoop?

A

This is open-source software to process datasets across cheap pc’s.

35
Q

What is In-memory computing?

A

This is a system that relies on a computer’s main memory for data storage

36
Q

What is online Analytical Processing (OLAP)?

A

This system supports multidimensinal data analysis so its users can see data in multiple dimensions, each aspect of information being a dimension

37
Q

What is data mining?

A

Finding hidden patterns in large datasets and predicting future behaviour

38
Q

What is text mining?

A

Tools for helping to extract key elements from unstructured big data

39
Q

What is sentiment analysis?

A

Software that mines text comments and determines opinions about specific objects

40
Q

What is data governance?

A

Policies and procedures for data management and organizational resources

41
Q

What is data quality audit?

A

Survey of accuracy and completeness of data in an information system

42
Q

What is data cleansing?

A

Processes for deleting and correcting data that are of bad quality.

Business Information Management (13 decks)

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