Chapter 6: Foundatons of Business Intelligence: Database & Information Management

Question 1

What is knowledge?

Answer 1

Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of a set of information

Question 3

What is a database?

Answer 3

This is a collection of related data organized in a way that makes it valuable and useful

A relational database model uses a collection of tables to represent data and relationships

Question 4

What is the hierarchy of data in a database?

Answer 4

1. Field
2. Record
3. File
4. Database

Question 5

What is an Entity?

Answer 5

An Entity is an observation

Question 6

What is a File?

Answer 6

This is a collection of records for an Entity, also called tables

Question 6

What is a record?

Answer 6

A record is a field describing a single instance, usually represented in the rows of a table

Question 6

What is a field?

Answer 6

These are attributes from an Entity. Represented in the columns

Question 7

What is SQL?

Answer 7

SQL refers to Structured Query Language and it is a standard language to communicate with data systems.

Question 8

What is normalization?

Answer 8

Normalizaiton is the process of streamlining complex groups of data to minimuze redundant elements and increase flexibility and stability of your database

Question 8

What are the three different types of SQL commands?

Answer 8

1. Data Definition Language ( creating, deleting, altering databases and tables)
2. Data Manipulation: retrieving, inserting changing records
3. data content: user and permission maangement (access)

Question 9

What are the requirements for 1NF?

Answer 9

1. Domain of each attribute only contains atomic values
2. Value of each attribute only contains a single value from a domain

Question 10

What are the requirements of 3NF?

Answer 10

1. Satisfies 2NF
2. No transitive dependencies

Question 10

What does an Entity relationship model do?

Answer 10

It describes relationships between subjects of interest and is visualized in an entity-relationship diagram.

Question 11

What are the requirements for 2NF?

Answer 11

1. Satisfies 1NF
2. There are no partial (transitive) dependencies on composite key

Question 12

What concepts are entity-relationship diagrams based on?

Answer 12

1. Entities and entity sets
2. Attributes
3. Relationships and relationships sets
4. Cardinalities

Question 13

What are entity sets?

Answer 13

Notion of a table in a database

Question 13

What are entities?

Answer 13

These are things of interest to organization

Question 14

What are attributes?

Answer 14

These describe properties of an entity

Question 15

What are cardinalities?

Answer 15

Cardinalities represent the number of entities within one entitiy set associated with entities in other entities.

Question 16

NAme the three types of cardinalities?

Answer 16

1. One-to-one: 1 entity set in A and 1 entity in B
2. One-to-many: 1 in A associated with possibly many in set B
3. Many-to-many: possibly many in A associated with possibly many in B.

Question 17

What is a key?

Answer 17

These are one or multiple attributes used to differentiate entities

Question 18

What are primary keys?

Answer 18

most suited main identifier in a table

Question 19

What are candidate keys?

Answer 19

These are keys that could be the primary key

Question 20

What is a byte?

Answer 20

Its a string of 0 and 1 representing a number or word

Question 21

What are foreign keys?

Answer 21

These are keys that appear as a primary key in onse set and appears in another entity set to link them.

Question 22

What ar bits?

Answer 22

0 or 1 (binary)

Question 23

What is a query?

Answer 23

This is a requirest for data in a dictionary

Question 24

What are referential integrity rules?

Answer 24

These are rules to ensure that relationships between coupled tables remain consistent

Question 25

What is a field?

Answer 25

Grouping of words or a complete number

Question 26

What is a database management system?

Answer 26

This is a software for creating, storing and accessing information from a database

Question 27

What is data definition?

Answer 27

This is the capability to specify structure of database content

Question 28

What is a data dictionary?

Answer 28

This stores definintions of data elements and their characteristics

Question 29

What are nonrelational database management systems?

Answer 29

these are models designed for managing large data sets across distributed machines

Question 30

What is blockchain?

Answer 30

Blockchain is a distributed database technology that aloows organizations to create and verify transactions on a network immediately, without a central authority. It's a low-cost way to integrate transactions of firms.

Question 31

What are smart contracts:

Answer 31

These are programs implementing rules of transactions among firms

Question 32

What is a data lake?

Answer 32

Repository for unstructured or structured and not analyzed data. It's stored until its needed

Question 32

What is big data?

Answer 32

These are large data sets too complex to analyze for database management systems (DBMS)

Question 33

What is a data mart?

Answer 33

This is a subset of a company's data for a highly focused portion of an organizations data in a seperate databse for a small group of users

Question 33

What is a data warehouse?

Answer 33

This is a database storing potentially interesting current and historical information

Question 34

What is a Hadoop?

Answer 34

This is open-source software to process datasets across cheap pc's.

Question 35

What is In-memory computing?

Answer 35

This is a system that relies on a computer's main memory for data storage

Question 36

What is online Analytical Processing (OLAP)?

Answer 36

This system supports multidimensinal data analysis so its users can see data in multiple dimensions, each aspect of information being a dimension

Question 37

What is data mining?

Answer 37

Finding hidden patterns in large datasets and predicting future behaviour

Question 38

What is text mining?

Answer 38

Tools for helping to extract key elements from unstructured big data

Question 39

What is sentiment analysis?

Answer 39

Software that mines text comments and determines opinions about specific objects

Question 40

What is data governance?

Answer 40

Policies and procedures for data management and organizational resources

Question 41

What is data quality audit?

Answer 41

Survey of accuracy and completeness of data in an information system

Question 42

What is data cleansing?

Answer 42

Processes for deleting and correcting data that are of bad quality.