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Business Information Management > Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure: Hardware & Software > Flashcards

Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure: Hardware & Software Flashcards

1
Q

What is a data center?

A

It is a facility housing computer systems and associated telecom, storage, computer systems etc. used for collecting, storing and analyzing data

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2
Q

What are the IT infrastructure components?

A
  1. Computer hardware
  2. Computer software
  3. Data management technology
  4. Telecommunications and networking technology
  5. Technology services
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3
Q

What is computer hardware?

A

This is the technology for computer processing, data storage, input and output. Includes mainframes, servers, desktops etc. Also includes equipment for gathering data

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4
Q

What is system software?

A

This manages resources and activities on computers

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5
Q

What is computer software?

A

These are the prewritten codes that instruct the computers on what to do. Consists of system and application software

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6
Q

What is application software?

A

This directs the computer to complete a task. Most software is bought from outside vendors nowadays.

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7
Q

What is data management technology?

A

Data management software organizes, manages and processes business data

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8
Q

What is telecommunications and networking technology?

A

Provides data, voice, and video connectivity. This is technology for running internal networks and technology for running websites and linking through the internet. It is very broad.

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9
Q

What are technology services?

A

These are people to run and manage other IT infrastructure components and teach people how to use them.

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9
Q

What are legacy systems?

A

Older transaction processing systems created for older computers still in use.

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10
Q

Name 6 types of computers

A
  1. Personal computer (PC)
  2. Workstation
  3. Server
  4. Mainframe
  5. Supercomputer
  6. Grid computing
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11
Q

What is a personal computer (PC)?

A

This is used in small businesses, it is what we have acces to

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12
Q

What is a workstation?

A

This fits on a desktop but it has more mathematical and graphics processing power. Used for advanced design/engineering work

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13
Q

What is a server?

A

These computers are optimized to support a computer network

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14
Q

What is mainframe?

A

This is a large capacity computer taht processes large datasets quickly

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15
Q

What is a supercomputer?

A

These are systems designed for tasks requiring quick and complex calculations with thousands of variables

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16
Q

What is grid computing?

A

Connecting spread out computers in a single network and combining computational power of all computers on the grid.

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17
Q

What is distributed processing?

A

Using multiple computers linked by communications network for processing

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18
Q

What is centralized processing?

A

All processing is done by one large central computer. This is less common

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19
Q

Wat is client/server computing?

A

This splits processing between clients and servers.

Clients are a user’s points of entry for required functions - usually a normal desktop.

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19
Q

What is an N-tier client/server architecture?

A

In these systems, the work of the entire network balances over several server levels depending on the requested task.

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20
Q

What is web server?

A

This software is responsible for locating and managing stored web pages

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21
Q

What is an application server?

A

This software handles application operations between user and the organization’s back-end systems.

22
Q

What are solid state drives?

A

These parts use semiconductors organized as very fast internal disk drive.

23
Q

Name seven hardware trends

A
  1. Mobile platform
  2. Consumerization of IT and BYOD
  3. Virtualization
  4. Cloud computing
  5. Edge computing
  6. Green computing
  7. High- performance computing and processes
24
Q

What are mobile platforms?

A

This trend means that small devices like cellphones have taken over many functions of computers. More used in business, including wearable computing devices.

25
Q

What is consumerization of IT & BYOD

A

BYOD stands for Bring Your Own Device.

Consumerization of IT means that new information technology taht first enters the consumer markets spreads to business.

26
Q

What is virtualization?

A

this is the process of presenting computing resources so they can be accessed in unrestricted ways by physical configuration. A single resource appears as multiple logical resources.

Server virtualization is a common way to reduce costs.

27
Q

What is software-defined storage?

A

This seperates software for data management storage from storage hardware

28
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

This means that computer processing etc is provided by a pool of virtualized resources over a network.

29
Q

What are the cloud computing characteristics?

A
  1. On-demand self-service
  2. Ubiquitous network access
  3. Location-independent resource pooling
  4. Rapid elasticity
  5. Measured service
30
Q

Name the three types of cloud computing services

A
  1. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS): use processing etc from cloud service providers to run information systems
  2. Software as a Service (SaaS): customers use software hosted by vendor on its cloud infrastructure and its delivered as a service over a network
  3. Platform as a Service (PaaS): Infrastructure and programming tools to develop own applications
31
Q

What is a public cloud?

A

This cloud is open to public / industry group

32
Q

What is a private cloud?

A

This cloud is only operated for one organization

33
Q

What is a hybrid cloud?

A

A cloud system where companies use their own IT infrastructure for essential activities and public cloud for non-essential items

34
Q

What is edge computing?

A

Method of optimizing cloud computing by erforming some processing on linked servers at the network’s edge, close to where data comes in. Reduces delays in data transmission

35
Q

What is green computing?

A

This is the technology for designing equipment etc. to minimize the environmental impact

36
Q

What developments does high-performance computing and processors consist of?

A
  1. Quantum computing: using quantum mechanics principles in production
  2. Nanotechnology
  3. High-performance processers - multicore processors
37
Q

What is nanotechnology?

A

This technology uses individual atoms to create chips that are a thousand times smaller than traditional methods of manufacturing would permit.

38
Q

What is an operating system?

A

This system software manages and controls computer activity.

Linux is often used for supercomputers, servers, websites and cloud computing infrastructure

39
Q

What do visual programming languages do?

A

These languages allow users to create graphic/iconic elements to create programs

Java is leading programming language

40
Q

What is a software package?

A

This is a prewritten available set of programs so organizations don’t need to write it on their own.
Major productivity tools are bundled together

41
Q

What is a web browser?

A

Software enabling acces to the web and the internet.

42
Q

What is HTML?

A

HyperText Markup Language is a page description language for specifiying how text, videos etc. should be placed on web pages and for links to other websites

43
Q

What does HTML 5 do differently from HTML?

A

It makes it possible to embed anything into a docuoment without processer-intensive add-ons.

44
Q

What are web services?

A

These are software components that exchange information with each other. The foundation is the Extensible Markup Language (XML)

45
Q

What is Service oriented architecture (SOA)?

A

These are services that communicate with each other to create software applications

46
Q

Name two software trends?

A
  1. Open-source software: users have free access to program code
  2. Cloud-based software services and tools
47
Q

What is the difference between apps and mashups?

A

Apps are software programs to be accessed via the internet

Mashups are software applications integrating functionality and data from multiple other applications to create new customized application

48
Q

Name the 5 issues in managing hardware and software

A
  1. Capacity planning and scalability
  2. Total cost of ownership of technical assets
  3. Using technology service providers
  4. Managing mobile platforms
  5. Managing software localization for global businesses
49
Q

What is capacity planning?

A

process of prediction hardware saturation to ensure there is enough computing power.

50
Q

What are total costs of ownership of technical assets?

A

There is a model that is used to analyze all costs associated with owning specific technology, both direct and indirect costs.

51
Q

What is outsourcing?

A

Contracting external vendors to do some work for you

52
Q

What is web hosting service?

A

these are large web servers that provide subscribers with the spae to maintain their websites

53
Q

What is offshore software outsourcing?

A

Outsourcing software-related tasks abroad.

54
Q

What is mobile device management?

A

This is software that monitors and manages devices across the internet to prevent sensitive information of coming out.

55
Q

What is software localization?

A

This is the process of converting software to operate in a second language.

Business Information Management (13 decks)

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