Chapter 6-Fitness Assessment Flashcards
A series of measurements that help determine the current health and fitness level of a client
Comprehensive fitness assessment
Information that is gathered from a client including health history and medical background
Subjective information
Measurable data about client’s physical state such as body composition, movement, and cardio ability
Objective Information
Medications that decrease heart rate and blood pressure
Beta-blockers
Knowing a client’s occupation provides insight into what?
Movement capacity and potential repetitive movements
What is considered relevant information regarding a client’s occupation and movement capacity?
Extended periods of sitting repetitive movements, dress shoes, mental stress
What are some lifestyle questions the fitness professional should ask when conducting a fitness assessment?
Recreation and hobbies
Questionnaire designed to help qualify a person to participate in exercise, and determine if referral to a physician is needed
Physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q)
A client’s chronic conditions, past surgeries, injuries and medications
Medical history
What can be caused by injuries or past surgery if not properly rehabilitated?
Pain, inflammation, and increased risk of re-injury
What percentage of Americans do not engage in at least 30 minutes of low-to-moderate activity every day?
75%
Heart disease, hypertension, pulmonary disease, type I and II diabetes, and arthritis are all common examples of what?
Chronic conditions
Something specifically detrimental to an individual due to a special need or chronic condition
Contraindicated
What position is contraindicated for individuals with high blood pressure?
Supine
What is the procedure for taking a client’s radial pulse?
Touch should be gentle, take when the client is calm, two fingers along the right ride of the arm just above the thumb, take for 60 seconds, average over three days while taking the pulse at the same time each day
Pulse taken on the neck to the side of the larynx
Carotid Pulse
What are the 5 types of objective assessments that can be performed with clients as part of a comprehensive fitness assessment?
Physiological, postural, performance, body composition, cardiorespiratory
What determines a client’s baseline levels from which to compare progress to at later dates?
Objective assessments
What provides information about a client’s overall health, such as resting heart rate and blood pressure?
Physiological assessments
What is the average resting heart rate for a male?
70bpm
What is the average resting heart rate for a female?
75bpm
The pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels after blood is ejected from the heart
Blood pressure
The pressure within the arterial system after the heart contracts
Systolic (top number on BP reading)
The pressure within the arterial system when the heart is rising and filling with blood
Diastolic (bottom number of BP reading)
What is an acceptable systolic blood pressure?
Less than 120 mm hg
What is an acceptable diastolic blood pressure?
less than 80 mm hg
An indication that the client’s ankle complex will be in a plantar flexed position for extended periods time based on occupation
Wearing dress shoes
What are some methods for measuring body fat?
underwater weighing, bioelectrical impedance, andskin-fold calipers
Where does the very high BMI score begin for non-athletes?
35
The method of measuring body fat percentage that conducts an electrical through the body to measure fat
Bioelectrical impedance
What are the four fold sites tested when using the Durnin-Womersly formula for body fat assessment?
Biceps, triceps, sub scapular, iliac crest
What is the at-risk waist-to-hip ratio for females?
0.8
What is the at-risk waist-tp-hip ratio for males?
0.95
Risk for disease increases when a non-athletes’s BMI exceeds what?
25
What is the equation used to assess a client’s body mass index (BMI)?
Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared
For which clients is the use of skin calipers not recommended?
Very overweight clients
Where is the hip measurement taken when conducting circumference measurements?
Widest portion of the buttocks
Why should the fitness professional obtain client circumference measurements in the initial assessment?
Provides feedback about client progress; can be used to calculate waist-to-hip ratio
What is the most important factor to consider when taking circumference measurements?
Consistency
Why is BMI a poor indicator of body fat versus lean body mass?
Only takes weight and height into account
The relative percentage of body weight that is fat vs. fat-free tissue
Body composition
What is the typical body fat percentage for healthy, active men?
10-20%
What is the typical body fat percentage for healthy, active women?
20-30%
Assessment that assumes the fat present in the subcutaneous regions of the body is proportional to the overall body fatness
Skinfold measurement
What is the technique for biceps skinfold measurement?
Vertical fold on the front of the arm over the center of the biceps muscle
What is the technique for triceps skinfold measurement?
Vertical fold on the back of the arm half way between the shoulder and the elbow
What is the technique for sub-scapular skinfold measurement?
45 degree angle, 1-2cm below the inferior angle of the scapula
What is the technique for iliac crest skinfold measurement?
45 degree angle just above the iliac crest and medial to the axillary line
On which side of the body should all skinfold measurements be taken?
Right side
Which is the BMI range with the lowest risk of disease?
22-24.9
What are the two common sub-maximal assessments that measure cardiorespiratory capability?
YMCA 3 minute step test and Rockport walk test
A zone of cardiorespiratory training when a client scores poor or fair during submaximal cardio assessments
Zone one